Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Notaris/PPAT terhadap Pemalsuan Tanda
Tangan dalam Akta Autentik
A Ryo Khemal Akbar

Rizanizarli
1

Yanis Rinaldi
2

ABSTRAK

3
Akta autentik seharusnya menjamin kepastian hukum, perlindungan para
pihak, dan kepercayaan publik karena dibuat melalui prosedur penghadapan,
pembacaan, persetujuan, serta penandatanganan sebagaimana diwajibkan oleh
Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris dan Kitab UndangUndang

Hukum Pidana Pasal 263, 264, dan 266 KUHP. Namun, Putusan
Pengadilan Negeri Banda Aceh Nomor 318/Pid.B/2013/PN.BNA memperlihatkan
adanya pemalsuan tanda tangan dalam APHT dan SKMHT yang melemahkan nilai
pembuktian akta autentik.

Penelitian ini mengkaji pertanggungjawaban hukum Notaris/PPAT atas
pemalsuan tanda tangan, faktor penyebab pemalsuan, serta akibat hukumnya
terhadap pejabat pembuat akta, penghadap, dan akta autentik. Fokus penelitian
diarahkan pada kasus APHT dan SKMHT melalui perspektif pidana, kenotariatan,
pertanahan, dan pembuktian.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-
undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan sosiologis. Data diperoleh melalui studi
kepustakaan, dokumen, serta wawancara dengan Notaris/PPAT, unsur pengawasan
notaris, akademisi, dan pihak terkait. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui
reduksi, interpretasi, triangulasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertanggungjawaban Notaris/PPAT bersifat
bertingkat (pidana, perdata, administratif, dan etik) berdasarkan peran dan
kesalahan yang terbukti. Faktor dominan pemalsuan adalah lemahnya verifikasi
identitas, dokumentasi penghadapan, dan pengawasan administratif. Akibatnya,
akta kehilangan kekuatan pembuktian, dapat dibatalkan atau tidak sah, dan korban
berhak atas ganti rugi serta koreksi data pertanahan.
Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa pemalsuan tanda tangan dalam
akta autentik bukan sekadar pelanggaran administratif, tetapi ancaman terhadap
kepastian hukum. Akta yang memuat tanda tangan palsu dapat kehilangan kekuatan
pembuktian, dibatalkan, dinyatakan tidak sah, atau tidak dapat menjadi dasar
pembebanan Hak Tanggungan. Penguatan verifikasi, dokumentasi penghadapan,
pemeriksaan minuta, dan pengawasan substantif perlu dilakukan.

Kata-Kata Kunci: Pemalsuan Tanda Tangan, Notaris/PPAT, Akta Autentik,
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum, Pengawasan Jabatan.

"Legal Liability of Notaries/PPAT for Signature Forgery in Authentic Deeds" A Ryo Khemal Akbar Rizanizarli 4 Yanis Rinaldi 5 ABSTRACT 6 An authentic deed is intended to guarantee legal certainty, protect the parties involved, and foster public trust, as it is executed through procedures involving the personal appearance of parties, the reading of the document, mutual agreement, and signing all mandated by Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Office of Notary and Articles 263, 264, and 266 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, the Banda Aceh District Court Decision Number 318/Pid.B/2013/PN.BNA reveals instances of signature forgery in the Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights (APHT) and the Power of Attorney to Grant Mortgage Rights (SKMHT), thereby undermining the evidentiary value of the authentic deed. This study examines the legal liability of Notaries/Land Deed Officials (PPAT) regarding signature forgery, the factors contributing to such forgery, and the legal consequences for the official executing the deed, the appearing parties, and the authentic deed itself. The research focuses on APHT and SKMHT cases, analyzing them through criminal law, notarial law, land law, and evidentiary law perspectives. This research employs an empirical-juridical method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, case-based, and sociological approaches. Data were gathered through literature reviews, document analysis, and interviews with Notaries/PPATs, notary supervisory bodies, academics, and relevant stakeholders. The data were analyzed qualitatively through reduction, interpretation, triangulation, and conclusion drawing. Research findings indicate that the liability of a Notary/Land Deed Official (PPAT) is multifaceted encompassing criminal, civil, administrative, and ethical dimensions depending on their specific role and the proven nature of the misconduct. The primary factors contributing to document forgery are inadequate identity verification, deficiencies in the documentation of the parties' appearance, and weak administrative oversight. Consequently, the deed loses its evidentiary value and may be rendered voidable or invalid, while the victim is entitled to compensation and the rectification of land records. The study concludes that signature forgery in an authentic deed is not merely an administrative violation but a threat to legal certainty. A deed containing a forged signature may lose its evidentiary force, be annulled, be declared invalid, or fail to serve as the legal basis for establishing Mortgage Rights. Strengthening verification, face documentation, minutes checking and substantive supervision need to be carried out. Keywords: Forged Signature, Notary/PPAT, Authentic Deed, Legal Liability, Supervision of Position.