Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 39 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan jo Pasal 115 KHI menegaskan bahwa Perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak, namun dalam praktiknya terdapat perkara cerai di mana keberadaan bahkan status hidup Tergugat tidak diketahui, sehingga Tergugat tidak pernah hadir dalam persidangan. Kondisi ini menyebabkan proses penyelesaian perkara berbeda dari prosedur perceraian pada umumnya.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penyebab terjadinya cerai ghaib, mekanisme penyelesaian perkara cerai ghaib, serta mengkaji hambatan yang dihadapi dalam proses penyelesaiannya.
Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis empiris. Suatu penelitian yang dilakukan secara langsung/lapangan. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada informan dan responden. Data sekunder diperoleh dari penelitian kepustakaan melalui kajian literatur dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Semua data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceraian ghaib disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti, Ekonomi, Perselisihan Terus Menerus, dan Kekerasan Dalam Berumah Tangga (KDRT). Penyelesaian perkara dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur hukum mulai dari, Pendaftaran Perkara (Gugatan), Penetapan Majelis Hakim dan Hari Sidang, Pemanggilan Para Pihak, Pemeriksaan Perkara di Persidangan, Pembuktian, Kesimpulan, dan Putusan Hakim. Hambatan dalam memutus perkara cerai ghaib meliputi kesulitan dalam, Keterbatasan Pembuktian, Hambatan Proses Pemanggilan Tergugat, Hambatan Efektivitas Pemanggilan Ghaib, Hambatan Administratif Pemanggilan, Hambatan Teknis dalam Pelacakan Tergugat, Hambatan Geografis dan Mobilitas Tergugat, dan Hambatan dalam Menjamin Keabsahan Prosedur.
Disarankan agar pasangan suami istri menjaga komunikasi, serta memberi informasi mengenai keberadaannya agar memudahkan proses pemanggilan dan penyelesaian perkara apabila terjadi sengketa, sehingga penyelesaian berlangsung efektif dan efisien. Masyarakat juga perlu meningkatkan kesadaran hukum, khususnya dalam melaporkan perubahan domisili dan menjaga keterhubungan, guna mencegah terjadinya hambatan dalam proses hukum. Selain itu, Mahkamah Syar’iyah Kelas IA Banda Aceh diharapkan untuk meningkatkan ketelitian dalam pemanggilan, mengoptimalkan peran juru sita, serta memanfaatkan teknologi demi terwujudnya peradilan yang adil dan pasti.

Article 39 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage in conjunction with Article 115 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI) stipulates that a divorce may only be granted before a court after the court has made every effort to reconcile the spouses but such efforts have failed. However, in practice, there are divorce cases in which the whereabouts or even the living status of the defendant is unknown, resulting in the defendant's absence throughout the court proceedings. This circumstance causes the settlement process to differ from the ordinary divorce procedure. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to ghaib (absent or missing spouse) divorce cases, examine the legal mechanism for resolving such cases, and identify the obstacles encountered during the adjudication process. This research employs an empirical juridical approach through field research. Primary data were collected through interviews with informants and respondents, while secondary data were obtained from library research, including legal literature and relevant statutory regulations. All data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The findings reveal that ghaib divorce cases are primarily caused by economic problems, continuous marital disputes, and domestic violence. The settlement of these cases follows the applicable legal procedure, beginning with the filing of the divorce petition, the appointment of the panel of judges and scheduling of hearings, the summons of the parties, court examination, evidentiary proceedings, submission of conclusions, and finally the judicial decision. Nevertheless, several obstacles arise in adjudicating ghaib divorce cases, including limitations in obtaining evidence, difficulties in serving summons on the absent defendant, the limited effectiveness of summons by public announcement, administrative challenges in the service of process, technical difficulties in locating the defendant, geographical and mobility-related barriers, and challenges in ensuring compliance with procedural requirements. This study recommends that married couples maintain effective communication and keep each other informed of their whereabouts to facilitate the service of summons and the resolution of disputes should legal proceedings become necessary. Public legal awareness should also be enhanced, particularly regarding the obligation to report changes of domicile and maintain accessible contact information, in order to minimize procedural obstacles. Furthermore, the Banda Aceh Class IA Syar'iyah Court is expected to improve the accuracy of its summons procedures, optimize the role of court bailiffs, and make greater use of technology to promote a judicial process that is fair, effective, and legally certain.