Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pelaksanaan metode pembayaran Cash on Delivery dalam transaksi jual beli elektronik melibatkan penjual, pembeli, dan perusahaan jasa pengiriman. Dalam sistem ini, kurir berperan sebagai pihak yang menyerahkan barang kepada konsumen dan menerima pembayaran. Berdasarkan Pasal 1340 KUHPerdata, perjanjian jual beli hanya mengikat penjual dan pembeli, sehingga kurir tidak bertanggung jawab atas isi maupun kesesuaian barang. Namun, dalam praktiknya kurir sering menjadi sasaran komplain dan penolakan pembayaran akibat kesalahan penjual.
Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perlindungan hukum terhadap kurir PT SiCepat Ekspres dalam metode pembayaran COD, menjelaskan permasalahan yang dihadapi, dan menjelaskan penyelesaian atas permasalahan tersebut di Kota Banda Aceh.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak manajemen PT SiCepat Ekspres, kurir, dan konsumen, serta didukung oleh data kepustakaan berupa literatur hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurir PT SiCepat Ekspres berkedudukan sebagai pihak ketiga yang hanya bertugas mengantar dan menerima pembayaran COD, sehingga tidak bertanggung jawab atas isi maupun kesesuaian barang, kecuali apabila ia sendiri lalai, misalnya mengizinkan pembukaan paket sebelum pembayaran. Dalam praktiknya, penolakan pembayaran oleh konsumen masih cukup sering terjadi, Salah satunya dipicu oleh pemahaman masyarakat yang belum tepat mengenai mekanisme pembayaran COD, sehingga sering menimbulkan perselisihan dalam proses penyerahan barang, diperberat pula oleh tekanan target keberhasilan pengantaran yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Permasalahan tersebut diselesaikan melalui konfirmasi ulang dan retur kepada penjual, dengan kerugian dibebankan kepada penjual apabila bukti pengantaran terpenuhi, atau kepada kurir apabila terbukti melanggar SOP.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar PT SiCepat Ekspres memberikan penegasan tertulis mengenai batas tanggung jawab kurir dalam pelaksanaan metode pembayaran COD, pelaku usaha memberikan informasi yang jelas mengenai mekanisme COD kepada konsumen, serta pemerintah menyusun regulasi teknis yang mengatur pembagian tanggung jawab para pihak dalam transaksi COD guna memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi kurir.

The implementation of the Cash on Delivery (COD) payment method in electronic sale and purchase transactions involves three parties: the seller, the buyer, and the delivery service provider. Under this system, the courier is responsible for delivering the goods to the consumer and collecting payment. Pursuant to Article 1340 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), a sale and purchase agreement is binding only upon the seller and the buyer. Therefore, the courier bears no legal responsibility for the contents or conformity of the goods. In practice, however, couriers are frequently subjected to complaints and payment refusals arising from the seller's mistakes. This study aims to examine the legal protection afforded to couriers of PT SiCepat Ekspres in the implementation of the Cash on Delivery (COD) payment method, identify the challenges they encounter, and analyze the mechanisms for resolving such issues in Banda Aceh. This research employs an empirical juridical method using both statutory and case approaches. The data were collected through interviews with the management of PT SiCepat Ekspres, couriers, and consumers, and were supported by secondary data obtained from legal literature and relevant statutory regulations. The findings indicate that couriers of PT SiCepat Ekspres act as third parties whose duties are limited to delivering goods and collecting COD payments. Accordingly, they are not responsible for the contents or conformity of the delivered goods, except where the courier is personally negligent, such as by allowing the package to be opened before payment is made. In practice, payment refusals by consumers remain relatively common. One of the primary causes is the public's limited understanding of the COD payment mechanism, which often leads to disputes during the delivery process. These disputes are further exacerbated by the company's delivery performance targets imposed on couriers. Such issues are generally resolved through reconfirmation with the parties and by returning the goods to the seller. Any financial loss is borne by the seller if proof of successful delivery has been established, whereas the courier is held liable only if it is proven that they violated the company's Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Based on the findings, it is recommended that PT SiCepat Ekspres provide clear written guidelines regarding the limits of a courier's responsibilities in COD transactions. Business actors should provide consumers with accurate and comprehensive information concerning the COD payment mechanism. Furthermore, the government should establish specific technical regulations governing the allocation of responsibilities among the parties involved in COD transactions in order to ensure legal certainty and adequate legal protection for couriers.