Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ketersediaan hijauan pakan bagi ternak ruminansia di Indonesia kerap berfluktuasi akibat perubahan musim, sehingga diperlukan pemanfaatan limbah pertanian maupun perkebunan sebagai sumber pakan alternatif. Limbah serai wangi hasil samping penyulingan minyak atsiri berpotensi sebagai bahan pakan, tetapi pemanfaatannya masih terbatas akibat tingginya kandungan lignoselulosa, terutama lignin, yang menurunkan kecernaan bahan oleh ternak ruminansia. Salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitasnya adalah pretreatment berupa pengukusan dan fermentasi menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih (white-rot fungi) yang mampu mendegradasi lignin. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi limbah serai wangi kukus yang difermentasi menggunakan berbagai jenis jamur pelapuk putih.
Penelitian menggunakan lima perlakuan, yaitu P0 (kontrol tanpa jamur), P1 (T. versicolor), P2 (P. chrysosporium), P3 (L. edodes), dan P4 (konsorsium P. chrysosporium dan T. versicolor). Limbah serai wangi dicacah berukuran 4–5 cm, dikeringkan, kemudian dikukus menggunakan autoklaf pada suhu 132°C selama 3 jam. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan inokulum jamur sebanyak 5% dari bobot substrat, dedak padi 10%, dan molases 3%, lalu diinkubasi selama 21 hari. Bahan hasil fermentasi selanjutnya dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 60°C selama 2 hari sebelum dianalisis secara proksimat untuk mengukur kadar bahan kering, abu, serat kasar, protein kasar, lemak kasar, dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN).
Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa jenis jamur pelapuk putih memberikan pengaruh nyata (P0,05) antarperlakuan, meskipun secara numerik perlakuan konsorsium menghasilkan kadar protein kasar tertinggi dan kadar lemak kasar terendah. Secara keseluruhan, fermentasi limbah serai wangi kukus menggunakan berbagai jenis jamur pelapuk putih hanya memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar abu, sedangkan parameter nutrisi proksimat lainnya belum mengalami perubahan yang nyata.

Availability of forage for ruminant livestock in Indonesia often fluctuates due to seasonal changes, necessitating the utilization of agricultural and plantation by-products as alternative feed sources. Citronella waste, a side product of essential oil distillation, holds potential as a feed material; however, its utilization remains limited due to high lignocellulose content—particularly lignin—which reduces digestibility in ruminants. One effort to improve its quality is pretreatment via steaming and fermentation using white-rot fungi, which are capable of degrading lignin. This study aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of steamed citronella waste fermented using various species of white-rot fungi.The study employed five treatments: P0 (control without fungi), P1 (T. versicolor), P2 (P. chrysosporium), P3 (L. edodes), and P4 (a consortium of P. chrysosporium and T. versicolor). Citronella waste was chopped into 4–5 cm pieces, dried, and then steamed in an autoclave at 132°C for 3 hours. Fermentation was carried out by adding fungal inoculum at 5% of the substrate weight, along with 10% rice bran and 3% molasses, followed by incubation for 21 days. The fermented material was subsequently dried in an oven at 60°C for 2 days before undergoing proximate analysis to measure dry matter, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract (crude fat), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the species of white-rot fungi had a significant effect ($P < 0.05$) on ash content, ranging from 9.01% to 9.85%, with the highest ash content observed in the consortium treatment (P4). Meanwhile, dry matter (90.88–94.10%), crude fiber (25.09–26.82%), crude protein (4.12–5.51%), ether extract (2.09–2.91%), and nitrogen-free extract (49.25–50.96%) showed no significant differences ($P > 0.05$) among treatments, although numerically the consortium treatment yielded the highest crude protein and the lowest ether extract contents. Overall, fermentation of steamed citronella waste using various white-rot fungi only influenced ash content, while other proximate nutritional parameters showed no significant changes.