Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pendidikan IPA tentang tata surya di jenjang sekolah dasar masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan, terutama dalam hal pemahaman konsep yang bersifat abstrak. Keterbatasan bahan ajar di mana umumnya mengandalkan buku teks dan visualisasi 2D menyebabkan penyajian materi yang masih belum optimal, sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Aplikasi berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) markerless yang diberi nama AR Metarion guna membantu siswa memahami konsep tata surya. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode Research and Development (R&D). Aplikasi dikembangkan memakai Unity 3D dengan pendukung Vuforia, serta dirancang agar dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut pada platform iOS. Pengujian dilakukan pada 30 siswa sekolah dasar yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Dari hasil pengujian fungsionalitas menggunakan metode Black Box Testing, terlihat bahwa semua fitur aplikasi berfungsi sesuai harapan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa skor N-Gain rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol mencapai 0,49, sedangkan pada kelompok eksperimen, skornya 0,40. Pengujian System Usability Scale (SUS) menunjukkan skor rata-rata 71,5, yang masuk ke dalam kategori “baik” (nilai B), sedangkan pengujian menggunakan metode smileyometer memperoleh skor rata-rata antara 4,21 – 5,00, yang dikategorikan sebagai “sangat baik”.
Kata kunci: Augmented Reality, Markerless, Tata Surya, IPA SD, iOS.

Education about the solar system at the elementary school level still faces various challenges, particularly regarding the understanding of abstract concepts. The limited teaching materials which generally rely only on textbooks and 2D visualizations result in suboptimal presentation of the material, leading to low student engagement in the learning process. A markerless Augmented Reality (AR) application named AR Metarion was developed to help students understand solar system concepts. A Research and Development (R&D) methodology was employed. The application was developed using Unity 3D with Vuforia support and is designed for further development on the iOS platform. Testing was conducted on 30 elementary school students divided into a control group and an experimental group. From the results of functionality testing using the Black Box Testing method, it was found that all application features functioned as expected. The analysis results showed that the average N-Gain score in the control group reached 0.49, while in the experimental group, the score was 0.40. Analysis of the System Usability Scale (SUS) showed an average score of 71.5, which falls into the “good” category (grade B), while testing using the smileyometer method yielded an average score between 4.21 and 5.00, classified as “very good.” Key words: Augmented Reality, Markerless, Solar System, Elementary School Science, iOS