Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 9 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum, menyebutkan penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah memperhatikan keseimbangan antara kepentingan pembangunan serta kepentingan masyarakat yang dilaksanakan dengan memberi Ganti Kerugian yang layak dan adil. Pertumbuhan ekonomi membutuhkan infrastruktur dengan tanah sebagai unsur utama, namun keterbatasan tanah negara menyebabkan pemerintah harus berhadapan dengan pemilik hak atas tanah dalam proses pengadaan tanah. Pada praktiknya, sengketa terjadi akibat perbedaan persepsi nilai tanah antara tim P2T dan masyarakat, terutama karena NJOP lebih rendah dari harga pasar, meskipun telah dilakukan penilaian oleh KJPP. Permasalahan ini terjadi pada pembangunan Jalan Tol Seksi 1 Padang Tiji – Seulimeum, sehingga diperlukan pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah yang lebih terbuka, jelas, dan melibatkan masyarakat secara aktif, dengan mengedepankan komunikasi yang baik agar tercapai kesepakatan ganti kerugian yang adil dan dapat mengurangi potensi sengketa.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan pelaksanaan ganti kerugian, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa ganti kerugian, serta hambatan dalam penyelesaian sengketa ganti kerugian dalam pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan Jalan Tol Seksi 1 Padang Tiji – Seulimeum.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian yuridis empiris, data diperoleh dengan cara penelitian kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan masalah dan penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara responden dan informan untuk memperoleh data yang akan dianalisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pelaksanaan ganti kerugian dalam pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan Jalan Tol Seksi 1 Padang Tiji – Seulimeum mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum, melalui musyawarah dan penilaian KJPP, namun masih memicu keberatan warga karena nilai ganti kerugian belum mencerminkan harga pasar aktual. Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa mengedepankan jalur non-litigasi (musyawarah), yang menemui jalan buntu serta dilanjutkan ke jalur litigasi melalui penitipan uang ganti kerugian (konsinyasi) di Pengadilan Negeri Sigli. Konsinyasi berimplikasi pada hapusnya hak atas tanah, meskipun dalam persidangan ditemukan gugatan yang cacat formil (obscuur libel) akibat klaim sisa tanah yang tidak jelas batasnya. Hambatan dalam proses ini meliputi ketidaksepakatan nilai ganti kerugian, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap fungsi sosial tanah, serta rumitnya prosedur litigasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya komprehensif berupa peningkatan sosialisasi hukum, penguatan transparansi penilaian KJPP, optimalisasi mediasi, serta perbaikan sistem pendataan tanah
Disarankan agar P2T meningkatkan kualitas musyawarah dengan keterbukaan, komunikasi yang baik, dan melibatkan masyarakat, serta memastikan penilaian ganti kerugian oleh KJPP dilakukan secara jelas dasar penilaian ganti kerugiannya. Untuk pemerintah daerah agar memperkuat mekanisme musyawarah melalui mediasi yang lebih aktif dan profesional dengan memperhatikan kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Pengadaan Tanah, Ganti Kerugian, Sengketa Pertanahan, Kepentingan Umum, Jalan Tol.

Based on Article 9 of Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, the implementation of Land Acquisition takes into account the balance between development interests and community interests which is implemented by providing appropriate and fair compensation. Economic growth requires infrastructure, with land as a key component; however, the limited availability of state-owned land means the government must engage with landowners during the land acquisition process. In practice, disputes arise due to differing perceptions of land value between the P2T team and the community, particularly because the Official Land Value (NJOP) is lower than market prices, even though an appraisal has been conducted by the KJPP. This issue arose during the construction of the Padang Tiji–Seulimeum Toll Road Section 1, necessitating a land acquisition process that is more transparent, clear, and actively involves the community, prioritizing effective communication to reach a fair compensation agreement and reduce the potential for disputes. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the objective of this study is to analyze and explain the implementation of compensation arrangements, the mechanisms for resolving compensation disputes, and the obstacles encountered in resolving such disputes in the land acquisition process for the construction of Section 1 of the Padang Tiji–Seulimeum Toll Road. The research method employed was empirical legal research; data were collected through a literature review on the subject matter and field research involving interviews with respondents and informants, with the data subsequently analyzed using a qualitative approach. The research findings indicate that the implementation of compensation for land acquisition for the construction of Section 1 of the Padang Tiji – Seulimeum Toll Road, in accordance with Law No. 2 of 2012 on Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, was carried out through consultation and appraisal by the KJPP; however, it still sparked objections from residents because the compensation amounts did not reflect actual market prices. The dispute resolution mechanism prioritizes non-litigation channels (consultation), which reached an impasse and proceeded to litigation through the deposit of compensation funds (consignment) at the Sigli District Court. Consignment results in the forfeiture of land rights, although the court found the lawsuit to be procedurally defective (obscuur libel) due to unclear boundaries regarding the remaining land claims. Challenges in this process include disagreements over the amount of compensation, the public’s limited understanding of the social function of land, and the complexity of litigation procedures. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are needed, including enhanced legal awareness campaigns, strengthening the transparency of KJPP appraisals, optimizing mediation, and improving the land registration system. Recommended that the P2T improve the quality of deliberations through openness, effective communication, and community engagement, and ensure that compensation assessments conducted by the KJPP are based on clear criteria. Local governments should strengthen deliberation mechanisms through more active and professional mediation, taking into account the socioeconomic conditions of the community. Keywords: Land Acquisition, Compensation, Land Disputes, Public Interest, Toll Roads.