Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pinjaman Online atau fintech lending merupakan fasilitas pinjam meminjam uang yang disediakan oleh perusahaan yang bergerak di industri keuangan yang beroprasi secara online. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan adalah lembaga negara independen yang berfungsi menyelenggarakan sistem pengaturan dan pengawasan terhadap seluruh kegiatan didalam sektor jasa keuangan. OJK sendiri mengatur mengenai pinjaman online dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 40 Tahun 2024 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Faktanya, meskipun layanan pinjaman online yang telah memiliki izin dari OJK dan memberikan kemudahan dalam akses keuangan bagi konsumen, namun dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan sejumlah persoalan yang merugikan konsumen.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan terhadap konsumen dalam layanan pinjaman online berbasis teknologi informasi, tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dalam melindungi hak-hak konsumen, serta tanggung jawab Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap praktik pinjaman online di Indonesia.

Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan terhadap konsumen dilakukan melalui mekanisme preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif dilakukan dengan penerapan prinsip transparansi, keamanan data pribadi, dan izin usaha dari OJK, sedangkan perlindungan represif dilakukan melalui pengaduan, mediasi, gugatan perdata, serta pemberian sanksi administratif. Pelaku usaha wajib menjalankan kegiatan usaha secara jujur dan bertanggung jawab, sedangkan OJK berperan dalam regulasi, pengawasan, dan penegakan hukum di sektor keuangan digital.

Disarankan bagi pelaku usaha pinjaman online meningkatkan kepatuhan hukum. Disarankan bagi masyarakat sebagai konsumen memperkuat literasi keuangan digital. Disarankan bagi OJK memperketat pengawasan serta kerja sama lintas lembaga untuk memperkuat perlindungan konsumen di sektor layanan pinjaman online.

Online lending or fintech lending is a loan facility provided by companies operating in the financial industry through online platforms. The Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) is an independent state institution responsible for regulating and supervising all activities within the financial services sector. The OJK regulates online lending through Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 40 of 2024 concerning Information Technology–Based Joint Funding Services. In practice, however, despite the fact that online lending services licensed by the OJK offer ease of access to financial services for consumers, various issues that are detrimental to consumers are still frequently encountered. This research aims to analyze the forms of consumer protection in information technology–based online lending services, the responsibilities of business actors in protecting consumer rights, and the responsibilities of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervising online lending practices in Indonesia . The research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data were obtained through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that consumer protection is implemented through both preventive and repressive mechanisms. Preventive protection is carried out through the application of the principles of transparency, personal data security, and licensing by the OJK, while repressive protection is implemented through complaint mechanisms, mediation, civil lawsuits, and the imposition of administrative sanctions. Business actors are required to conduct their business activities honestly and responsibly, while the OJK plays a role in regulation, supervision, and law enforcement in the digital financial sector. It is recommended that online lending service providers enhance legal compliance. Consumers are advised to strengthen their digital financial literacy. Furthermore, it is recommended that the OJK intensify supervision and strengthen inter-agency cooperation in order to enhance consumer protection in the online lending services sector.