Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENERAPAN SANKSI PERDATA KEPADA PELANGGAN
AKIBAT WANPRESTASI PADA PERUSAHAAN UMUM
DAERAH AIR MINUM TIRTA DAROY KOTA BANDA ACEH

Muhammad Ilham Fauzi *
Teuku Ahmad Yani **
M. Jafar ***

ABSTRAK
Qanun Kota Banda Aceh Nomor 4 Tahun 2022 tentang Perusahaan Umum
Daerah Air Minum Tirta Daroy menegaskan bahwa perusahaan didirikan untuk
menyelenggarakan pelayanan air minum secara adil, merata, dan
berkesinambungan demi melayani air bersih bagi warga kota Banda Aceh. Dalam
hubungan hukum antara Pelanggan dan Pihak PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy haruslah
berdasarkan kepada pemberlakuan Surat Keputusan Direksi PERUMDAM Tirta
Daroy Kota Banda Aceh dengan Nomor:PEG.III/10/PDAM/2020 tentang Biaya
Pemasangan Sambungan Baru, Pergantian Water Meter dan Penyambungan
Kembali. Sehingga antara hak dan kewajiban pada kedua belah pihak (Pelanggan
dan PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy) terpenuhi. Namun, dalam kenyataannya, masih
banyak pelanggan yang melakukan wanprestasi berupa keterlambatan atau
penunggakan pembayaran, yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan serta
berpotensi mengganggu keberlangsungan pelayanan publik. Kondisi ini
bertentangan dengan Pasal 1243 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
(KUHPerdata) yang menegaskan bahwa debitur yang lalai memenuhi prestasi
wajib mengganti biaya, kerugian, dan bunga.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan wanprestasi dalam
perjanjian sambungan pelanggan pada PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy,
mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya wanprestasi, serta menjelaskan
bentuk penerapan sanksi perdata terhadap pelanggan yang melakukan
wanprestasi.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, yaitu mengkaji
ketentuan hukum perdata yang relevan dan mengombinasikannya dengan data
empiris melalui wawancara serta observasi di lapangan. Data diperoleh dari
responden pelanggan aktif dan wanprestasi, serta informan dari pihak manajemen
PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy, lembaga perlindungan konsumen, dan kejaksaan.
Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif untuk menemukan gambaran
menyeluruh terkait permasalahan yang diteliti.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengaturan wanprestasi
dalam perjanjian sambungan pelanggan PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy maka bentuk
wanprestasi paling utama yang dilakukan pelanggan PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy
adalah keterlambatan dan penunggakan pembayaran tagihan air, disusul oleh tidak
membayar sama sekali, dan diikuti dengan penyalahgunaan sambungan air.
Pemberian sanksi perdata kepada pelanggan wanprestasi meliputi (somasi, surat
teguran, pemutusan meteran sementara, pemutusan sambungan pipa permanen
dan denda) surat teguran dan somasi merupakan sanksi paling dominan. Faktor
utama yang melatarbelakangi wanprestasi adalah kondisi ekonomi pelanggan,
kelalaian administratif, dan adanya unsur kesengajaan untuk menghindari
kewajiban. Dari sisi hukum, tindakan wanprestasi tersebut menimbulkan akibat
berupa kerugian finansial dan gangguan keberlanjutan layanan publik. Alur
penerapan sanksi oleh PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy dilakukan secara bertahap,
dimulai dengan pemberitahuan tunggakan, kemudian surat peringatan, dilanjutkan
dengan somasi, dan apabila tetap tidak dipenuhi maka dijatuhkan sanksi berupa
denda, ganti rugi, serta pemutusan sambungan air.
Disarankan agar PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy tidak hanya mendegarkan
keluhan kualitas air dari pelanggan namun juga melaksanakan pemenuhannya
serta mengevaluasi kembali golongan tarif maupun sistem manajemen penagihan
sehingga klausul mengenai tarif dan sanksi disusun secara proporsional, dengan
memberikan ruang bagi pembelaan dan pertimbangan atas kondisi yang bersifat
force majeure dan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum bagi pelanggan melalui
sosialisasi.

Kata Kunci: Sanksi Perdata, Wanprestasi, Perusahaan Umum Daerah.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CIVIL SANCTIONS ON CONSTUMERS DUE TO BREACH OF CONTRACT AT THE REGIONAL PUBLIC DRINKING WATER COMPANY TIRTA DAROY BANDA ACEH CITY Muhammad Ilham Fauzi * Teuku Ahmad Yani ** M. Jafar *** ABSTRACT The Qanun of Banda Aceh City Number 4 of 2022 concerning the Regional Public Drinking Water Company Tirta Daroy stipulates that the company is established to provide drinking water services in a fair, equitable, and sustainable manner for serve purify water to the Denizen in Banda Aceh City. The legal relationship between the customers and PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy must be based on the enforcement of the Decree of the Director of PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy Banda Aceh City Number: PEG.III/10/PDAM/2020 concerning Fees for New Connection Installation, Water Meter Replacement, and Reconnection. Through this regulation, the rights and obligations of both parties (the customers and PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy) are expected to be properly fulfilled. However, in practice, there are still many customers who commit breaches of contract (wanprestasi) in the form of delayed or overdue payments, which cause financial losses to the company and potentially disrupt the continuity of public services. Such conduct is inconsistent with Article 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), which stipulates that a debtor who fails to perform his obligation after being duly notified is required to compensate for costs, losses, and interest. This research aims to analyze the regulation of contractual breaches (wanprestasi) in customer connection agreements at PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy, to identify the factors that contribute to the occurrence of such breaches, and to explain the implementation of civil sanctions imposed on customers who commit breaches of contranctual (wanprestasi). This study employs an empirical juridical method, which combines an examination of relevant civil law provisions with empirical data obtained through interviews and field observations. The data were collected from respondents, namely active and defaulting customers, as well as informants from PERUMDAM management, the Consumer Protection Foundation, and the Public Prosecutor’s Office. The data were subsequently analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal issues under investigation. The findings of this study indicate that, based on the regulation of breach of contract in the customer connection agreement of PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy that the most prevalent form of breach committed by customers is delayed or overdue payment of water bills. This is followed by complete non-payment and, subsequently, the misuse of water connections. Civil sanctions imposed on defaulting customers include formal warnings (somasi), written notices, temporary meter disconnection, permanent pipe disconnection, and fines, with written notices and somasi being the most frequently applied measures. The primary factors underlying such breaches include the customers’ economic conditions, administrative negligence, and deliberate attempts to avoid fulfilling obligations. From a legal perspective, these breaches result in financial losses and disrupt the continuity of public service delivery. The sanction mechanism applied by PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy is implemented gradually, beginning with arrears notification, followed by a written warning, a formal demand (somasi), and, if non-compliance persists, the imposition of sanctions in the form of fines, compensation, and termination of the water connection. It is recommended that PERUMDAM Tirta Daroy not only listen to customer complaints regarding water quality but also ensure their proper fulfillment, while re-evaluating its billing management system so that the clauses concerning sanctions are formulated proportionally. The company should also provide room for defense and consideration in cases of force majeure, and enhance customers’ legal awareness through continuous socialization and public education programs. Keywords ; Civil Sanctions, Breach of Contract,Regional Public Company