Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA BAGI PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
(Studi Kasus Pengungsi Internasional Rohingya di Aceh)
Ayu Mailiza Wanzira
Iskandar A. Gani
Muazzin

ABSTRAK
Secara normatif perlindungan terhadap pengungsi diatur pada Pasal 33 Konvensi 1951 tentang status penungsi yang memuat prinsip non-refoulment, bahwa negara tidak boleh mengembalikan pengungsi ke wilayah negara asalnya yang mengakibatkan jiwanya terancam karena adanya perbedaan ras, agama, kebangsaan atau pandangan politiknya. Disamping itu, konvensi juga menentukan bahwa negara harus menjamin pemenuhan hak-hak dasar bagi pengungsi internasional berupa perumahan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kesehatan dan perlindungan hukum. Akan tetapi negara Indonesia belum meratifikasi konvensi 1951 dan protocol 1967, meskipun belum meratifikasi konvensi tidak berarti Indonesia membebaskan diri dari tanggungjawab untuk memberikan perlindugan bagi pengungsi yang ada di Indonesia. Selama ini, peraturan presiden Nomor 125 menjadi dasar administratif dalam penangganan pengungsi. Dalam kenyataannya, terdapat sebanyak 1048 pengungsi internasional yang tersebar dibeberapa titik pengungsian yang berasal dari etnis Rohingya di provinsi Aceh yang menuntut hak-hak dasar bagi mereka.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganilisis ketentuan hukum nasional dan internasional tentang perlindungan hak asasi pengungsi internasional, dan penerapan hukum tentang perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi pengungsi internasional di Aceh serta menganalisis Upaya pemenuhan hak-hak dasar bagi pengungsi internasional di Aceh.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan sejarah (historical approach). Data dianalisis melalui kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan analitis (analitical approach).
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Perlindungan pengungsi internasional di Indonesia, khususnya etnis Rohingya di Aceh, belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan standar hukum internasional dan prinsip konstitusional nasional akibat ketiadaan regulasi khusus, sehingga bersifat parsial dan bergantung pada kebijakan sektoral serta dukungan lembaga internasional, sementara Perlindungan HAM bagi pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh masih bersifat administratif. Meski didukung Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016 dan instrumen nasional lainnya, implementasi terbatas pada bantuan dasar, tanpa fasilitasi status hukum, pendidikan formal, dan integrasi jangka Panjang, dan upaya pemenuhan hak-hak dasar bagi pengungsi internasional di Aceh dilakukan melalui penyediaan kebutuhan pokok seperti pangan, sandang, tempat tinggal sementara, layanan kesehatan, dan perlindungan sosial. Pelaksanaannya melibatkan koordinasi antara pemerintah daerah, lembaga pusat, serta organisasi internasional dan kemanusiaan.
Untuk memperkuat perlindungan HAM bagi pengungsi, Indonesia perlu membentuk undang-undang khusus yang mengatur status, hak, dan mekanisme perlindungan sesuai standar internasional. Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016 perlu diperkuat, disertai dengan penguatan koordinasi antarinstansi guna menjamin implementasi yang lebih efektif.

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia, Etnis Rohingya.

THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS FOR INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES IN INDONESIA (Case Study of International Refugees Rohingya in Aceh) Ayu Mailiza Wanzira Iskandar A. Gani Muazzin ABSTRACT Normatively, the protection of refugees is regulated under Article 33 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which sets forth the principle of non-refoulement namely, that a state shall not return a refugee to a country where their life or freedom would be threatened on account of race, religion, nationality, or political opinion. In addition, the Convention obliges states to ensure the fulfillment of basic rights for international refugees, including access to housing, education, employment, healthcare, and legal protection. However, Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. Nevertheless, the absence of ratification does not exempt Indonesia from its responsibility to provide protection to refugees within its territory. To date, Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 serves as the administrative basis for the handling of refugees in Indonesia. In practice, there are approximately 1,048 international refugees primarily of Rohingya ethnicity dispersed across various refugee sites in the province of Aceh, demanding the fulfillment of their basic rights. This study aims to examine and analyze national and international legal provisions on the protection of the human rights of international refugees; to assess the legal implementation of such protection in Aceh; and to evaluate the efforts undertaken to fulfill the basic rights of international refugees residing in the region. The research method employed is normative juridical, utilizing the statute approach and the historical approach. The data were analyzed through a literature review by using primary and secondary legal materials. The data analysis was conducted using an analytical approach. The research findings indicate that the protection of international refugees in Indonesia, particularly the Rohingya ethnic group in Aceh, has not yet fully complied with international legal standards and national constitutional principles due to the absence of specific regulations, resulting in a partial approach that depends on sectoral policies and the support of international institutions. The protection of human rights for Rohingya refugees in Aceh remains administrative in nature. Although supported by Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 and other national instruments, implementation is limited to the provision of basic assistance, without facilitating legal status, formal education, and long-term integration. Efforts to fulfill the fundamental rights of international refugees in Aceh are carried out through the provision of basic needs such as food, clothing, temporary shelter, health services, and social protection. Its implementation involves coordination between local governments, central authorities, as well as international and humanitarian organizations. To strengthen the human rights protection of refugees, Indonesia should enact specific legislation that comprehensively regulates the legal status, rights, and protection mechanisms for refugees in accordance with international standards. Furthermore, Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 should be enhanced and supported by stronger institutional coordination to ensure more effective implementation. Keywords: Human Rights Protection, Rohingya Ethnic Group