Electronic Theses and Dissertation

KEABSAHAN AKTA JUAL BELI HARTA BERSAMA TANPA
PERSETUJUAN ISTRI

ABSTRAK

Faradilla Syahnaz

M. Jafar
*

Iskandar A. Gani
**


Berdasarkan Pasal 36 UU No. 1 Tahun 1974, harta bersama hanya dapat
dialihkan dengan persetujuan kedua belah pihak. Sengketa diselesaikan melalui
akta perdamaian, namun memunculkan pertanyaan tentang keabsahan akta jual beli
yang dibuat tanpa persetujuan istri, Namun, dalam praktiknya, ada PPAT yang
digugat akibat akta yang dianggap cacat karena dibuat tanpa persetujuan pihak
yang berhak. Seperti dalam Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Banda Aceh No.
65/Pdt/2020/PT Bna, akta jual beli harta bersama dianggap melanggar hukum
karena tidak disertai persetujuan istri.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis akibat hukum dari
akta jual beli atas harta bersama yang dibuat tanpa persetujuan istri, tanggung jawab
PPAT dalam pembuatan akta jual beli harta bersama tanpa persetujuan istri, dan
kekuatan hukum serta pelaksanaan eksekusi akta perdamaian yang ditetapkan oleh
pengadilan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan
pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber bahan hukum
terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder serta tersier yang diolah, dianalisis
secara kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian Akta jual beli harta bersama tanpa persetujuan istri
dianggap cacat hukum dan dapat dibatalkan. PPAT yang lalai memastikan
persetujuan tersebut dapat dimintai tanggung jawab perdata, pidana, dan
administratif. Akta perdamaian yang disahkan pengadilan memiliki kekuatan
hukum mengikat dan dapat dieksekusi, sehingga menjadi solusi efektif dalam
sengketa pertanahan. Pembatalan akta oleh PPAT dapat terjadi karena alasan
perdata, pidana, atau administratif, dan membawa konsekuensi hukum. Oleh karena
itu, PPAT wajib bertindak cermat sesuai ketentuan hukum agar terhindar dari sanksi
dan akta batal demi hukum.
Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disarankan agar PPAT memastikan
persetujuan semua pihak, terutama istri, dalam jual beli harta bersama untuk
mencegah cacat hukum. BPN perlu meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap PPAT agar
pembuatan akta sesuai aturan. Para pihak, hakim, dan notaris juga perlu memahami
dan menerapkan akta perdamaian secara tepat sebagai sarana penyelesaian sengketa
yang sah, adil, dan memberikan kepastian hukum.

Kata Kunci: Keabsahan, Akta Jual Beli, Harta Bersama.
***

THE VALIDITY OF A SALE AND PURCHASE DEED OF JOINT PROPERTY WITHOUT THE WIFE’S CONSENT ABSTRACT Faradilla Syahnaz M. Jafar * Iskandar A. Gani ** According to Article 36 of Law No. 1 of 1974, joint marital property can only be transferred with the consent of both spouses. Disputes are often resolved through peace deeds (akta perdamaian), but this raises questions regarding the validity of sale and purchase deeds made without the wife’s consent. In practice, some Land Deed Officials (PPAT) have been sued due to deeds deemed legally flawed for being executed without the consent of the rightful party. For instance, in the Banda Aceh High Court Decision No. 65/Pdt/2020/PT Bna, the sale and purchase deed of joint marital property was declared unlawful because it lacked the wife’s approval. This study aims to explain and analyze the legal consequences of sale and purchase deeds of marital property made without the wife’s consent, the liability of the PPAT in such cases, and the legal force and enforceability of court-ratified peace deeds. *** This research employs a normative juridical method using a statute approach and a case approach. The sources of legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collected data is processed and analyzed qualitatively. A deed of sale involving jointly-owned property without the wife's consent is legally flawed and subject to cancellation. A Land Deed Official (PPAT) who fails to ensure such consent may be held liable under civil, criminal, and administrative law. A peace deed ratified by the court holds binding legal force and is enforceable, making it an effective solution for land disputes. The cancellation of a deed by the PPAT may occur due to civil, criminal, or administrative reasons, each carrying its own legal consequences. Therefore, the PPAT must act carefully and in accordance with applicable legal provisions to avoid sanctions and the invalidation of the deed. Based on these findings, it is recommended that PPAT ensure the consent of all parties—especially the wife—in transactions involving joint property to prevent legal defects. The National Land Agency (BPN) should enhance oversight of PPATs to ensure compliance with regulations. Parties, judges, and notaries must also understand and apply peace deeds appropriately as a legitimate, fair, and legally certain dispute resolution mechanism. Keywords: Validity, Sale and Purchase Deed, Jointly Acquired Property.