Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENETAPAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN PADA MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH DI ACEH


Fathia Az-Zahra
Darmawan
Muhammad Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir

ABSTRAK

Berdasarkan Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan menyatakan batas usia perkawinan adalah 19 tahun. Awalnya bagi wanita 16 tahun dan bagi pria 19 tahun menjadi sama-sama 19 tahun. Namun pada kenyataannya terdapat perkawinan dibawah 19 tahun. Jika perkawinan dilakukan belum mencapai usia 19 tahun, maka bagi calon pengantin dan keluarga/wali harus mengajukan permohonan dispensasi kawin kepada Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Meskipun peraturan mengenai batas usia kawin telah jelas termuat di dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan, namun kasus perkawinan di bawah umur masih tetap tinggi, khususnya di Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan alasan-alasan dan kriteria yang memenuhi unsur “makna dan alasan sangat mendesak” dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2) UU. No. 16 Tahun 2019, selanjutnya hendak menemukan pertimbangan hakim atas penetapan dispensasi kawin, dan tinjauan kepastian hukum atas penetapan tersebut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis-empiris yakni suatu penelitian hukum di mana data penelitian diperoleh langsung dari informan melalui mekanisme wawancara. Sifat analisis penelitian adalah deskriptif-analisis diawali dengan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU. No. 16 Tahun 2019 tidak menerangkan secara jelas bagaimana maksud “makna dan alasan sangat mendesak disertai bukti-bukti pendukung” di dalam Pasal 7 ayat (2), Pertimbangan hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh dalam menetapkan dispensasi kawin mengacu pada alasan yuridis dan alasan sosiologis. Tinjauan asas kepastian hukum terhadap dispensasi kawin dikategorikan ke dalam dua poin. Pertama bahwa Pasal 7 ayat (2) UU. No. 16 Tahun 2019 belum memenuhi unsur kepastian hukum karena tidak menjelaskan dengan tegas, jelas, dan rinci mengenai “alasan sangat mendesak”. Kedua bahwa dispensasi perkawinan yang ditetapkan hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh telah memenuhi asas kepastian hukum, baik kepada anak dalam melangsungkan perkawinan, dan juga bagi kedua keluarga.
Disarankan agar Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh menyeleksi alasan-alasan yang digunakan para pemohon dalam perkara dispensasi kawin. Hal ini dilakukan agar memaksimalkan tujuan hukum nasional, yakni meminimalisir terjadinya perkawinan usia dini, serta diharapkan agar lembaga legislatif bersama-sama dengan pemerintah agar merevisi atau mengeluarkan peraturan pemerintah terkait penjelasan, indikator dan kriteria yang memperjelas maksud frasa “alasan sangat mendesak”. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar Pasal 7 ayat (2) memenuhi asas kepastian hukum.


Kata Kunci: Penetapan, Dispensasi Perkawinan, Mahkamah Syar’iyah

MARRIAGE DISPENSATION DETERMINATION AT ACEH’S SHAR’IYAH COURT Fathia Az-Zahra Darmawan Muhammad Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir ABSTRACT Based on Article 7 of Law Number 16 of 2019 amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 state that the age limit for marriage is 19 years. Initially for women 16 years and for men 19 years to be both 19 years. But in reality there are marriages under 19 years. If the marriage is conducted below the age of 19 thus the prospective husband and wife along with their families/legal guardians are required to request for a marriage dispensation to Sharia Court. Albeit the regulations regarding marriage age limit can be clearly found in Marriage Law, the case of underage marriage is still high, particularly at Sharia Court of Aceh. This research aims to discover the reasons and criteria that fulfill the very urgent reason factors in Article 7(2) Law No. 16 of 2019, to discover the considerations of the Sharia Court’s judges on stipulating the marriage dispensation, and henceforth to acknowledge the legal certainty over the stipulation of marriage dispensation. This study employs a qualitative methodology and is a part of juridico-empirical research; specifically, legal research in which research data are gathered directly from informants via interview procedures, as well as documentation studies. This research's analysis is descriptive in nature, beginning with data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of the research show that Law No. 16 of 2019 does not explain clearly the definitions of very urgent reasons along with supporting evidence in Article 7 (2), The considerations of the Sharia Court’s judges on stipulating marriage dispensation refer to juridical and sociology reasons. The assessment of the principle of legal certainty in relation to the marital exemption is divided into two categories. First that Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law No. 16 of 2019 does not satisfy the legal certainty requirement. This is due to the fact that Article 7 paragraph 2 does not describe the "extremely urgent reason" in a clear, concise, and detailed manner, which can lead to ambiguity in the meaning and interpretation of the court. Second the marriage dispensation determined by the judge of the Syar'iyah Court in Aceh complies with the notion of legal certainty, not only for the children in the marriage, but also for both families. It is suggested that the Judges of the Syar'iyah Court in Aceh select the applicants' stated reasons for marriage permission. This is done to maximize the goal of national law, which is to reduce the incidence of child marriage in order to maximize the child protection program. It is also recommended that the legislature and government update or produce a government regulation on explanations, indicators, and criteria that define the meaning of the “extremely urgent reason." This is done so that Article 7 paragraph 2 can comply with the legal certainty concept. Key Words: Determination, Marriage Dispensation, Sharia Court