Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU
USAHA PEREDARAN KOSMETIK TANPA IZIN EDAR
(Suatu Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Bireuen)

ABSTRAK
Rachmi Martiya ⃰
Ida Keumala Jeumpa ⃰ ⃰
Sulaiman ⃰ ⃰ ⃰

Pasal 138 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan
mengatur bahwa sediaan farmasi, termasuk kosmetik yang diedarkan wajib
memenuhi standar keamanan, mutu dan persyaratan sesuai ketentuan peraturan
perundang-undangan. Namun, dalam praktiknya di wilayah hukum Pengadilan
Negeri Bireuen masih ditemukan pelaku usaha yang mengedarkan kosmetik tanpa
izin edar, termasuk adanya pengulangan tindak pidana, sehingga menunjukkan
bahwa penegakan hukum pidana terhadap peredaran kosmetik tanpa izin edar
belum berjalan secara optimal.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penegakan hukum pidana
terhadap pelaku usaha peredaran kosmetik tanpa izin edar di wilayah hukum
Pengadilan Negeri Bireuen, menganalisis hambatan yang dihadapi dalam
penegakan hukum tersebut, serta menganalisis upaya penanggulangan terhadap
peredaran kosmetik tanpa izin edar.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris dengan
pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan kriminologis.
Data diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan dengan
melakukan wawancara kepada Balai Besar POM, Kepolisian, dan Kejaksaan serta
didukung dengan analisis putusan pengadilan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum pidana terhadap
pelaku usaha peredaran kosmetik tanpa izin edar telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan
ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan melalui tahapan penyelidikan,
penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan di pengadilan, namun pelaksanaannya
belum efektif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan masih ditemukannya peredaran kosmetik
tanpa izin edar, adanya pelaku yang mengulangi tindak pidana (residivis), serta
berkembangnya distribusi kosmetik ilegal melalui media sosial dan marketplace.
Hambatan yang dihadapi meliputi keterbatasan pengawasan, belum optimalnya
koordinasi antarinstansi penegak hukum, perkembangan perdagangan elektronik,
rendahnya kesadaran hukum pelaku usaha dan masyarakat, serta belum optimalnya
penerapan sanksi pidana dalam memberikan efek jera. Upaya penanggulangan dilakukan melalui penguatan pengawasan preventif dan represif, peningkatan
koordinasi antarinstansi, pengawasan digital (cyber surveillance), serta edukasi
kepada masyarakat dan pelaku usaha.
Disarankan perlu penguatan state action melalui koordinasi terpadu antara
Balai Besar POM, Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, Dinas Kesehatan, dan instansi terkait.
Koordinasi itu menargetkan pengawasan dan penindakan peredaran kosmetik tanpa
izin edar, termasuk cyber surveillance di media sosial dan marketplace dan
dilakukan penukar informasi secara rutin dan melaksanakan operasi terpadu secara
berkala. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap efektivitas penerapan sanksi
administratif dan sanksi pidana dalam penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku peredaran
kosmetik tanpa izin edar, termasuk penerapan sanksi yang lebih tegas terhadap
pelaku yang melakukan tindak pidana secara berulang (residivis), guna
meningkatkan efek jera, mencegah pengulangan tindak pidana, serta memberikan
perlindungan hukum yang optimal bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan konsumen.

Kata Kunci: Penegakan Hukum Pidana, Kosmetik Tanpa Izin Edar, Pelaku Usaha..

CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST BUSINESS OPERATORS DISTRIBUTING COSMETICS WITHOUT MARKETING AUTHORIZATION (A Study within the Jurisdiction of the Bireuen District Court) Rachmi Martiya⃰ Ida Keumala Jeumpa⃰ ⃰ Sulaiman⃰ ⃰ ⃰ ABSTRACT Article 138 paragraph (2) of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health stipulates that pharmaceutical products, including cosmetics, circulated in Indonesia must comply with the applicable standards of safety, quality, and regulatory requirements. However, in practice, the distribution of cosmetics without marketing authorization continues to occur within the jurisdiction of the Bireuen District Court, including repeated offenses committed by business actors. This indicates that the criminal law enforcement against the circulation of cosmetics without marketing authorization has not yet been implemented effectively. This study aims to analyze the criminal law enforcement against business actors distributing cosmetics without a marketing authorization within the jurisdiction of the Bireuen District Court, to identify the obstacles encountered in such law enforcement, and to examine the efforts undertaken to combat the distribution of cosmetics without a marketing authorization. This study employed an empirical juridical research method using statutory, case, and criminological approaches. The data were obtained through library research and field research by conducting interviews with the Regional Office of the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BBPOM), the Police, and the Public Prosecutor's Office, supported by the analysis of court decisions. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that criminal law enforcement against business actors distributing cosmetics without a marketing authorization has been carried out in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations but has not yet been effective. The obstacles include limited supervision, inadequate coordination among law enforcement agencies, the rapid development of electronic commerce, the low level of legal awareness among business actors and the public, and the suboptimal implementation of criminal sanctions in creating a deterrent effect. Efforts to address these issues have been undertaken through both penal and nonpenal approaches by strengthening preventive and repressive supervision, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and providing legal education to business actors and the public. It is recommended to strengthen state action through integrated coordination among the Regional Office of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM), the Indonesian National Police, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, , Health Offices, and other relevant institutions. Such coordination should focus on enhancing supervision and law enforcement against the distribution of cosmetics without marketing authorization, including cyber surveillance of social media and online marketplaces, supported by regular information sharing and periodic joint enforcement operations. Furthermore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of administrative and criminal sanctions against offenders involved in the distribution of cosmetics without marketing authorization, including the imposition of stricter sanctions on repeat offenders (recidivists), in order to strengthen the deterrent effect, prevent recidivism, and provide more effective legal protection for public health and consumers. Keywords: Criminal Law Enforcement, Distribution of Cosmetics Without Marketing Authorization, Business Actors, Consumer Protection.