Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perkembangan perdangangan digital melalui TikTok Shop mempermudah peredaran produk kosmetik, namun juga meningkatkan risiko beredarnya kosmetik tanpa izin edar BPOM. Perlindungan konsumen telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, khususnya Pasal 8 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf i yang melarang pelaku usaha memperdagangkan barang yang tidak memenuhi standar dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Akan tetapi, masih ditemukan penjualan kosmetik ilegal melalui TikTok Shop yang berpotensi merugikan konsumen.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas peredaran produk kosmetik tanpa izin edar BPOM di TikTok Shop berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mendorong pelaku usaha tetap menjual produk kosmetik tanpa izin edar serta menelaah upaya penyelesaian terhadap kerugian konsumen akibat penjualan produk berbahaya tersebut.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan berupa wawancara dengan pihak BPOM Aceh, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banda Aceh, konsumen, dan pelaku usaha, serta penelitian kepustakaan berupa analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnal ilmiah, dan sumber relevan lainnya. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap peredaran produk kosmetik tanpa izin edar di platform TikTok Shop belum berjalan secara optimal. Merekapitulasi fungsi pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh BPOM melalui mekanisme notifikasi, evaluasi pre-market dan post-market, hingga tindakan represif, pengawasan terhadap transaksi digital terbukti masih menghadapi keterbatasan jangkauan. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mendorong pelaku usaha mengedarkan kosmetik ilegal mencakup potensi keuntungan finansial yang tinggi, rendahnya tingkat kesadaran hukum, belum optimalnya penegakan sanksi, serta kemudahan aksesibilitas platform digital yang tidak memprasyaratkan verifikasi izin edar produk secara ketat.
Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, disarankan kepada BPOM untuk memperkuat pengawasan digital melalui kerja sama integrasi basis data izin edar secara otomatis dengan platform e-commerce. Pemerintah disarankan merumuskan regulasi ketat mengenai kewajiban platform digital dalam memverifikasi keabsahan produk kosmetik sebelum dipasarkan.

The growth of digital commerce via TikTok Shop has facilitated the distribution of cosmetic products but has also increased the risk of cosmetics circulating without the mandatory BPOM (Indonesian Food and Drug Authority) distribution permit. Consumer protection is regulated under Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection—specifically Article 8, paragraph (1), letters a and i—which prohibits business actors from trading goods that fail to meet statutory standards and regulations. However, the sale of illegal cosmetics on TikTok Shop persists, posing a potential risk of harm to consumers. This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to consumers regarding the circulation of cosmetics without BPOM distribution permits on TikTok Shop, based on Law Number 8 of 1999. Additionally, it identifies the factors driving business actors to sell cosmetics lacking such permits and examines avenues for resolving consumer losses resulting from the sale of these hazardous products. This research employs an empirical-juridical method with a qualitative approach. Data were gathered through fieldwork—including interviews with BPOM Aceh, the Banda Aceh City Health Office, consumers, and business actors—and through library research involving the analysis of laws, regulations, scientific journals, and other relevant sources. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling technique. The research findings indicate that legal protection for consumers regarding the circulation of cosmetics without distribution permits on TikTok Shop is not yet functioning optimally. Despite BPOM’s supervisory functions—ranging from notification mechanisms and pre-market/post-market evaluations to repressive measures—oversight of digital transactions remains limited in scope. Factors driving business actors to distribute illegal cosmetics include high potential financial gain, low legal awareness, suboptimal enforcement of sanctions, and the ease of access to digital platforms that do not strictly require verification of product distribution permits. Based on these findings, it is recommended that BPOM strengthen digital oversight by integrating its distribution permit database with e-commerce platforms to enable automated verification. The government is advised to formulate strict regulations regarding the obligation of digital platforms to verify the authenticity of cosmetic products before they are marketed.