Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Perkembangan media sosial telah menjadikan influencer sebagai instrumen
pemasaran dalam promosi produk investasi. Dalam praktiknya, tidak sedikit
influencer mempromosikan investasi bodong yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi
masyarakat. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai batas
pertanggungjawaban perdata influencer atas promosi investasi bodong serta
kemungkinan penerapan konsep vicarious liability terhadap pelaku usaha investasi
yang memperoleh manfaat dari promosi tersebut, mengingat pengaturan yang ada
belum mengatur mengenai mekanisme pertanggungjawaban perdata influencer
yang mempromosikan investasi bodong, termasuk mengenai batas tanggung jawab,
dasar pembebanan ganti rugi, serta hubungan hukumnya dengan pelaku usaha
investasi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konstruksi perbuatan melawan
hukum dalam promosi investasi bodong oleh influencer, penerapan konsep
vicarious liability terhadap pelaku usaha investasi, serta implikasi dan efektivitas
konsep tersebut dalam perlindungan hukum dan pemulihan kerugian korban
investasi bodong.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis
normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual.
Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder,
dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa promosi investasi bodong yang
dilakukan oleh influencer memenuhi unsur-unsur Perbuatan Melawan Hukum
sehingga dapat menimbulkan pertanggungjawaban perdata. Selain itu, konsep
vicarious liability dapat diterapkan kepada pelaku usaha investasi yang
memperoleh manfaat dari promosi yang dilakukan influencer. Penerapan konsep
tersebut memperluas pihak yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban dan
berpotensi meningkatkan peluang korban memperoleh ganti rugi.
Penelitian ini menyarankan agar influencer menerapkan prinsip kehati-
hatian (due diligence) sebelum mempromosikan produk investasi guna mencegah
timbulnya kerugian bagi masyarakat. Diperlukan juga pengembangan konsep
vicarious liability melalui penafsiran maupun pengaturan hukum yang lebih
komprehensif agar dapat diterapkan terhadap hubungan hukum antara pelaku usaha
investasi dan influencer dalam promosi digital. Disamping itu, perlu juga dilakukan
penyempurnaan regulasi OJK guna memperkuat perlindungan investor dan
mekanisme pemulihan kerugian yang lebih optimal bagi korban investasi bodong.

The rapid development of social media has positioned influencers as significant marketing instruments in promoting investment products. In practice, however, many influencers have promoted fraudulent investment schemes, resulting in substantial financial losses for the public. This situation raises legal issues concerning the limits of influencers’ civil liability for promoting fraudulent investments and the potential application of the doctrine of vicarious liability to investment business actors who benefit from such promotions. Existing regulations have yet to comprehensively govern the civil liability mechanism for influencers who promote fraudulent investments, including the scope of liability, the legal basis for compensation, and the legal relationship between influencers and investment business actors. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of tort (perbuatan melawan hukum) in the promotion of fraudulent investment schemes by influencers, examine the application of the doctrine of vicarious liability to investment business actors, and assess the implications and effectiveness of this doctrine in strengthening legal protection and facilitating compensation for victims of fraudulent investments. This research employs a normative juridical legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The data were collected through library research involving primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the promotion of fraudulent investment schemes by influencers fulfills the legal elements of a tort, thereby giving rise to civil liability. Furthermore, the doctrine of vicarious liability may be applied to investment business actors who derive benefits from promotional activities conducted by influencers. The application of this doctrine broadens the range of parties who may be held legally responsible and has the potential to enhance victims’ opportunities to obtain compensation. This study recommends that influencers exercise due diligence before promoting investment products in order to prevent financial harm to the public. It also suggests the further development of the doctrine of vicarious liability through judicial interpretation and more comprehensive legal regulation so that it can be effectively applied to the legal relationship between investment business actors and influencers in digital marketing. In addition, the study recommends strengthening the regulatory framework of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to enhance investor protection and establish more effective mechanisms for compensating victims of fraudulent investment schemes.