Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK PENYIDIKAN UNDERCOVER BUY ATAS TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA OLEH PENYIDIK KEPOLISIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Ashabul Jannah*
Ida Keumala Jeumpa**
Teuku Saiful***

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan teknik undercover buy atau pembelian terselubung dalam penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika merupakan metode penyidikan khusus yang secara normatif diatur dalam Pasal 75 huruf j, Pasal 79, dan Pasal 81 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Ketentuan tersebut menghendaki pelaksanaan undercover buy berdasarkan kewenangan yang sah, perintah tertulis, serta menjunjung prinsip due process of law. Namun, dalam praktik penerapannya oleh penyidik Polri masih belum optimalnya pengaturan pelaksana mengenai standar operasional prosedur dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika menggunakan teknik undercover buy. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, perbedaan penafsiran antar aparat penegak hukum, serta memengaruhi penilaian hakim terhadap keabsahan hasil penyidikan pada saat proses pembuktian di persidangan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis dasar hukum penggunaan teknik penyidikan undercover buy oleh Penyidik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia dalam sistem hukum Indonesia serta menjelaskan dan mengkaji akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan dari penerapan teknik penyidikan undercover buy dalam tindak pidana narkotika.
Penelitian ini menggunakan hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perudang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kajian bahan hukum yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisa secara kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran lengkap untuk dilakukan pembahasan, pemeriksaan, dan dikelompokkan lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan teknik interpretasi hukum.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penyidik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia memiliki kewenangan untuk menggunakan teknik undercover buy sebagaimana telah diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Narkotika, serta kebijkan internal kepolisian. Kewenangan tersebut merupakan kewenangan atribusi yang diperkuat dengan diskresi kepolisian dalam mengungkap kejahatan yang terorganisir. Namun, belum optimalnya standar operasional prosedur dan peraturan pelaksanaan menyebabkan pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Pengunaan teknik undercover buy ini sendiri menimbulkan akibat hukum terhadap keabsahan alat bukti dalam proses pembuktian perkara narkotika. Apabila penggunaan teknik undercover buy ini dilakukan sesuai prosedur dan prinsip hukum acara pidana maka hasil undercover buy itu dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bukti yang sah. Namun, ketika dilakukan tanpa prosedur yang jelas atau melampai batas kewenangan, maka dapat menimbulkan akibat hukum yang berupa cacat prosedur, potensi tidak sahnya alat bukti serta membuka peluang terjadinya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, seperti rekayasa perkara atau penjebakan.
Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu perlu adanya pembahruan dan penegasan tentang Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) penyidikan terutama dalam penggunaan teknik undercover buy dalam pengungkapan tindak pidana narkotika. Serta untuk mencegah terjadinya cacat prosedur dan tidak sahnya alat bukti, Kepolisian perlu memperketat pelaksanaan teknik undercover buy serta peningkatakn profesionalisme penyidik, kepatuhan terhadap hukum acara pidana, serta penguatan pengawasan internal dari kepolisian sendiri dan setiap pelaksanaan teknik undercover buy harus didasarkan perintah tertulis juga dilakukan secara terukur.
Kata Kunci: Undercover Buy, Diskresi, Penyidikan, Narkotika, Kepolisian.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF UNDERCOVER BUY INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR DRUG CRIMES BY INVESTIGATORS OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE Ashabul Jannah* Ida Keumala Jeumpa** Teuku Saiful*** ABSTRACT The use of the undercover buy technique in the investigation of narcotics crimes constitutes a special investigative method that is normatively regulated under Articles 75(j), 79, and 81 of Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics. These provisions require that undercover buy operations be conducted based on lawful authority, written authorization, and in accordance with the principle of due process of law. However, in practice, the implementation of this technique by investigators of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) is not yet supported by adequate implementing regulations governing standard operating procedures for conducting narcotics investigations through undercover buy operations. This regulatory gap creates legal uncertainty, gives rise to differing interpretations among law enforcement authorities, and affects judges' assessment of the legality and evidentiary value of the investigation results during the trial process. This study aims to explain and analyze the legal basis for the use of undercover buy investigation techniques by Indonesian National Police investigators in the Indonesian legal system and to explain and examine the legal consequences of the application of undercover buy investigation techniques in narcotics crimes. This study uses normative legal law with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data collection was carried out through a review of legal materials, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis method used was qualitative analysis, which aimed to provide a complete picture for discussion, examination, and grouping, and then analyzed qualitatively using legal interpretation techniques. The findings of this study indicate that investigators of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) have the authority to employ the undercover buy technique as provided under the Narcotics Law and supported by the internal policies of the Indonesian National Police. This authority constitutes an attributed power, reinforced by police discretion to uncover organized narcotics crimes. However, the absence of comprehensive standard operating procedures and implementing regulations has resulted in legal uncertainty regarding the exercise of such authority. The use of the undercover buy technique also has legal implications for the admissibility of evidence in the prosecution of narcotics cases. Where the technique is implemented in accordance with the applicable procedures and the principles of criminal procedural law, the evidence obtained through undercover buy may be admitted as lawful evidence. Conversely, where it is conducted without clear procedural safeguards or exceeds the limits of lawful authority, it may result in procedural defects, render the evidence inadmissible, and create the risk of human rights violations, including fabricated cases or entrapment. The recommendation that can be given is that there needs to be clear regulations regarding the authority of the police in using undercover buy investigation techniques while also establishing minimum standards for procedural authority limits, mechanisms, and prohibitions on undercover buy techniques. The Supreme Court needs regulations to provide guidance for judges in assessing the validity of the use of undercover buy investigation techniques by police investigators in narcotics cases so as to prevent disparities in decisions. Keywords: Undercover Buy, Discretion, Investigation, Narcotics, Police.