Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kulit buah lemon merupakan limbah hasil pengolahan buah yang masih mengandung minyak atsiri dengan berbagai senyawa bioaktif bernilai ekonomi. Pemanfaatan kulit buah lemon di Aceh masih relatif terbatas sehingga potensinya belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Perbedaan kondisi geografis antara Saree dan Banda Aceh diduga memengaruhi karakteristik fisikokimia minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi sifat fisikokimia serta mengidentifikasi komponen minyak atsiri kulit buah lemon dari kedua lokasi menggunakan metode destilasi air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak atsiri dari Saree (0,96%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan Banda Aceh (0,83%), yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh kadar air simplisia yang lebih rendah pada sampel Saree (47,43%) dibandingkan Banda Aceh (58,84%). Hasil karakteristik fisika meliputi bobot jenis sebesar 0,851 dan 0,833 serta indeks bias 1,474 dan 1,471, sedangkan hasil karakteristik kimia yang meliputi bilangan asam masing-masing sebesar 1,666 mg KOH/g dan 2,506 mg KOH/g. Secara organoleptik, kedua minyak atsiri berwarna jernih dengan aroma khas lemon. Hasil Analisis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri kulit buah lemon dari Saree dan Banda Aceh masing-masing didominasi oleh limonene dengan kelimpahan sebesar 58,58% dan 55,10%. dan hasil analisis Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) mengonfirmasi keberadaan gugus fungsi khas terpenoid berupa C–H sp³ dan C=C. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu minyak atsiri kulit buah lemon dari kedua lokasi umumnya telah sesuai dengan karakteristik mutu minyak lemon berdasarkan standar ISO 855:2003, dengan minyak atsiri dari Saree menunjukkan kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan Banda Aceh.
Kata kunci: Kulit buah lemon, minyak atsiri, karakterisasi fisikokimia, GC-MS, FTIR, ketinggian tempat.

Lemon peel is a by-product of fruit processing that still contains essential oil with various bioactive compounds of economic value. The utilization of lemon peel in Aceh remains relatively limited, resulting in its essential oil potential being underutilized. Differences in geographical conditions between Saree and Banda Aceh are presumed to influence the physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil produced. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and identify the chemical components of lemon peel essential oil from both locations using the water distillation method. The results showed that the essential oil yield from Saree (0.96%) was higher than that from Banda Aceh (0.83%), which was presumably influenced by the lower moisture content of the dried lemon peel sample from Saree (47.43%) compared to Banda Aceh (58.84%). The physical characteristics included specific gravity values of 0.851 and 0.833, and refractive indices of 1.474 and 1.471, while the chemical characteristic, represented by the acid value, was 1.666 mg KOH/g and 2.506 mg KOH/g, respectively. Organoleptically, both essential oils were clear in appearance and possessed a characteristic lemon aroma. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the essential oils from Saree and Banda Aceh were predominantly composed of limonene, with relative abundances of 58.58% and 55.10%, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic terpenoid functional groups, including C–H sp³ and C=C. In conclusion, the quality parameters of lemon peel essential oils from both locations generally complied with the quality characteristics of lemon oil specified in ISO 855:2003, with the essential oil from Saree exhibiting better overall quality than that from Banda Aceh. Keywords: Lemon peel, essential oil, physicochemical characterization, GC-MS, FTIR, growing altitude.