Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang kualitasnya diduga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis, sehingga perbedaan tempat tumbuh berpotensi berkaitan dengan variasi karakteristik dan komposisi kimia minyak nilam. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kualitas minyak atsiri nilam asal Kabupaten Bener Meriah dan Kabupaten Aceh Jaya yang merepresentasikan wilayah budidaya dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Minyak nilam diperoleh melalui metode destilasi air, kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data meliputi rendemen, bobot jenis, indeks bias, kelarutan dalam etanol, bilangan asam, serta uji organoleptik yang meliputi warna, kejernihan, dan aroma. Analisis komposisi kimia dilakukan menggunakan instrumen gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) dan identifikasi gugus fungsi menggunakan instrumen fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak nilam Bener Meriah sebesar 1,863% dan Aceh Jaya sebesar 1,498%, bobot jenis masing-masing sebesar 0,970 dan 0,956, indeks bias sebesar 1,508 dan 1,507, kelarutan dalam etanol sebesar 1:5 dan 1:8,6, serta bilangan asam sebesar 4,146 dan 1,242 mg KOH/g. Berdasarkan parameter yang diuji, kedua sampel minyak nilam memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 06-2385-2006. Secara organoleptik, kedua minyak berwarna kuning hingga kuning muda, berbau khas nilam, dan jernih, dengan intensitas kesukaan panelis yang cenderung lebih tinggi pada sampel Bener Meriah. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan kandungan patchouli alcohol lebih tinggi pada Bener Meriah (48,58%) dibandingkan Aceh Jaya (43,94%), yang didukung oleh pita serapan O–H pada spektrum FTIR sampel Bener Meriah dan Aceh Jaya. Secara keseluruhan, minyak nilam asal Bener Meriah menunjukkan karakteristik mutu yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan Aceh Jaya.

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an essential oil-producing plant with high economic value whose quality is thought to be influenced by geographical conditions. Differences in growing locations may therefore be associated with variations in the characteristics and chemical composition of patchouli oil. This study aimed to compare the quality of patchouli essential oils from Bener Meriah and Aceh Jaya Regencies, representing highland and lowland cultivation areas, respectively. Patchouli oil was obtained through water distillation and analyzed for yield, specific gravity, refractive index, ethanol solubility, acid number, and organoleptic properties, including color, clarity, and aroma. Chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while functional groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed yields of 1.863% and 1.498%, specific gravity values of 0.970 and 0.956, refractive indices of 1.508 and 1.507, ethanol solubility ratios of 1:5 and 1:8.6, and acid numbers of 4.146 and 1.242 mg KOH/g for Bener Meriah and Aceh Jaya, respectively. All evaluated physicochemical parameters met the requirements of SNI 06-2385-2006. Organoleptic evaluation showed both oils were clear, yellow to light yellow, and had a characteristic patchouli aroma, with higher panelist preference for the Bener Meriah sample. GC–MS analysis revealed higher patchouli alcohol content in Bener Meriah (48.58%) than Aceh Jaya (43.94%), which is supported by the O–H absorption band in the FTIR spectra of Bener Meriah and Aceh Jaya samples. Overall, patchouli oil from Bener Meriah shows relatively better quality characteristics than Aceh Jaya.