Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh, Pemerintah Aceh diberikan kewenangan khusus untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan, termasuk di bidang pertanahan. Pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara/Daerah, Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 19 Tahun 2016, serta Peraturan Gubernur Aceh Nomor 1 Tahun 2024. Berdasarkan Rekapitulasi Data Rincian Daftar Tanah Pemerintah Aceh Tahun 2024, terdapat 1.826 bidang aset tanah, dengan 791 bidang belum bersertipikat, 16 bidang belum diketahui lokasinya, dan 21 bidang masih bersengketa, yang menunjukkan masih lemahnya kepastian hukum dan tertib administrasi aset daerah.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan pelaksanaan kewenangan Dinas Pertanahan Aceh dalam proses pensertipikatan aset tanah Pemerintah Aceh, menjelaskan bentuk sinergitas antara Dinas Pertanahan Aceh dan Badan Pertanahan Nasional dalam pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut, serta hambatan yang dihadapi dan upaya yang dilakukan Dinas Pertanahan Aceh dalam mewujudkan kepastian hukum atas aset tanah pemerintah.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis, yaitu memadukan kajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dengan data lapangan. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pejabat Dinas Pertanahan Aceh, Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Aceh, dan Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Data sekunder diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer seperti undang-undang, qanun, peraturan gubernur, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menelusuri kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan pelaksanaannya di lapangan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kewenangan Dinas Pertanahan Aceh dalam proses pensertipikatan aset tanah Pemerintah Aceh telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kewenangan yang diberikan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan melalui tahapan inventarisasi, verifikasi, pengukuran, hingga pengajuan sertipikat kepada Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN). Pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut didukung oleh sinergitas yang efektif antara Dinas Pertanahan Aceh, BPN, Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Aceh, dan Satuan Kerja Perangkat Aceh dalam penyediaan data, verifikasi administrasi, pengukuran, serta penerbitan sertipikat, sehingga mampu meningkatkan jumlah aset tanah yang telah bersertipikat dari 791 menjadi 972 bidang dari total 1.826 bidang aset tanah Pemerintah Aceh. Meskipun demikian, pelaksanaannya belum sepenuhnya optimal karena masih terdapat 854 bidang yang belum bersertipikat akibat keterbatasan anggaran, belum lengkapnya dokumen alas hak, ketidaksesuaian data fisik dan administrasi, belum jelasnya lokasi sebagian aset, serta adanya sengketa dan penguasaan oleh pihak ketiga. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut, Dinas Pertanahan Aceh melakukan rekonsiliasi dan pemutakhiran data aset, memperkuat koordinasi dengan BPN, BPKA, dan SKPA, melaksanakan penelusuran dokumen serta pengukuran ulang, memfasilitasi penyelesaian sengketa, dan mengusulkan dukungan anggaran guna mempercepat pensertipikatan seluruh aset tanah Pemerintah Aceh.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar Pemerintah Aceh menyediakan alokasi anggaran yang khusus dan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung percepatan pensertipikatan aset tanah. Selain itu, Dinas Pertanahan Aceh, BPKA, BPN, dan seluruh SKPA perlu memperkuat sinergi melalui integrasi dan digitalisasi data aset, peningkatan koordinasi, serta percepatan penyelesaian dokumen administrasi. Selanjutnya, SKPA sebagai pengguna barang milik daerah perlu meningkatkan tertib administrasi aset dengan memperbarui data Kartu Inventaris Barang (KIB), melengkapi dokumen alas hak, dan menyediakan pendamping teknis agar proses legalisasi aset tanah Pemerintah Aceh dapat berjalan lebih efektif, efisien, dan memberikan kepastian hukum.

Under Law Number 11 of 2006 on the Government of Aceh, the Government of Aceh is granted special autonomy to administer its governmental affairs, including the authority over land administration. The implementation of such authority is carried out in accordance with Law Number 5 of 1960 on the Basic Agrarian Principles, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2020 on the Management of State/Regional Property, Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 19 of 2016, and Governor of Aceh Regulation Number 1 of 2024. According to the 2024 Recapitulation of the Detailed Register of the Aceh Government's Land Assets, the Government of Aceh administers 1,826 parcels of land, of which 791 parcels have not yet been certified, 16 parcels remain unidentified in terms of location, and 21 parcels are currently involved in legal disputes. These findings reflect that the certification of government land assets has not yet been fully optimized, resulting in legal uncertainty and deficiencies in the orderly administration of regional assets. This study aims to analyze and explain the implementation of the authority of the Aceh Land Affairs Office in the certification process of land assets owned by the Aceh Government, to examine the form of institutional coordination between the Aceh Land Affairs Office and the National Land Agency in exercising such authority, and to identify the obstacles encountered as well as the efforts undertaken to achieve legal certainty over government land assets. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a sociological approach, combining analysis of statutory regulations with field data. Primary data were obtained through interviews with officials of the Aceh Land Affairs Office, the Aceh Financial Management Agency, and the National Land Agency. Secondary data were derived from primary legal materials, including statutes, qanun, and governor regulations, as well as secondary legal materials such as books, journal articles, and prior research. Data were analyzed qualitatively by examining the congruence between legal norms and their implementation in practice. The findings of this study demonstrate that the authority of the Aceh Land Agency in the certification of the Aceh Government's land assets has been exercised in accordance with the powers conferred by the prevailing laws and regulations through the stages of asset inventory, document verification, cadastral survey and measurement, and the submission of certification applications to the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional/BPN). The implementation of such authority has been supported by effective institutional synergy among the Aceh Land Agency, the National Land Agency (BPN), the Aceh Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKA), and the Aceh Regional Apparatus Work Units (SKPA) in the provision of asset data, administrative verification, land measurement, and certificate issuance. As a result, the number of certified government land assets increased from 791 to 972 parcels out of a total of 1,826 land parcels owned by the Government of Aceh. Nevertheless, the implementation has not yet achieved optimal effectiveness, as 854 parcels remain uncertified due to budgetary constraints, incomplete documents evidencing land ownership, inconsistencies between physical and administrative data, unidentified asset locations, as well as land disputes and occupation by third parties. To address these challenges, the Aceh Land Agency has undertaken asset data reconciliation and updating, strengthened coordination with the National Land Agency (BPN), the Aceh Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKA), and the Aceh Regional Apparatus Work Units (SKPA), conducted document tracing and re-surveys, facilitated dispute resolution, and proposed increased budgetary support to accelerate the certification of all land assets owned by the Government of Aceh. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the Aceh Government allocate dedicated and sustainable funding to support the acceleration of government land asset certification. In addition, the Aceh Land Agency, the Aceh Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKA), the National Land Agency (BPN), and all Aceh Regional Work Units (SKPA) should strengthen institutional synergy through the integration and digitalization of asset data, enhanced coordination, and the timely completion of administrative documents. Furthermore, SKPAs, as the users of regional government assets, should improve asset administration by updating the Inventory Card of Regional Assets, completing supporting land ownership documents, and providing technical assistance throughout the certification process to ensure that the legalization of Aceh Government land assets is carried out more effectively, efficiently, and with greater legal certainty.