Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan
memberikan hak kepada narapidana untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan
selama menjalani masa pidana. Selanjutnya, Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun
2023 tentang Kesehatan menjamin hak setiap orang atas pelayanan kesehatan
reproduksi, yang pelaksanaannya diatur lebih lanjut dalam Peraturan Pemerintah
Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 17
Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan serta Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 21
tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan Masa Sebelum Hamil,
Masa Hamil, Persalinan, Masa Sesudah Melahirkan, Pelayanan Kontrasepsi, dan
Pelayanan Kesehatan Seksual. Selain itu, Bangkok Rules menegaskan kewajiban
negara untuk menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan
khusus narapidana perempuan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah
bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai pemenuhan hak kesehatan reproduksi,
bagaimana pelaksanaannya di Lapas Perempuan Kelas IIB Sigli, serta apa saja
kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhannya.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaturan hukum terkait
pemenuhan hak kesehatan reproduksi bagi narapidana perempuan, menjelaskan
pelaksanaannya di Lapas Perempuan Kelas IIB Sigli, serta menjelaskan kendala
kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhannya.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan
pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Petugas
Lapas, petugas pelayanan kesehatan, tenaga medis, serta narapidana perempuan
di Lapas Perempuan Kelas IIB Sigli. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi
kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, dan jurnal ilmiah.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan hak kesehatan
reproduksi di Lapas Perempuan Kelas IIB Sigli belum sepenuhnya optimal.
Layanan yang tersedia meliputi pemeriksaan kesehatan, pelayanan kehamilan,
namun masih terbatas dari segi fasilitas dan kualitas pelayanan. Kendala utama
meliputi keterbatasan tenaga medis, kurangnya fasilitas kesehatan yang memadai,
serta kondisi overkapasitas lapas yang mempengaruhi kualitas layanan.
Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut antara lain
melalui kerja sama dengan puskesmas setempat serta pemberian pelayanan
kesehatan secara berkala. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar
pemerintah meningkatkan fasilitas dan tenaga kesehatan di lembaga
pemasyarakatan, serta memperkuat kebijakan yang menjamin pemenuhan hak
kesehatan reproduksi bagi narapidana secara optimal.

Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections grants inmates the right to receive health services during their term of imprisonment. Furthermore, Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health guarantees every individual's right to reproductive health services, the implementation of which is further regulated by Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, as well as Minister of Health Regulation Number 21 of 2021 concerning the Provision of Health Services During the Pre-Pregnancy Period, Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum Period, Contraceptive Services, and Sexual Health Services. In addition, the Bangkok Rules emphasize the state's obligation to provide healthcare services that address the specific needs of female prisoners. The issues examined in this study are: how the legal framework regulates the fulfillment of reproductive health rights, how these rights are implemented at the Class IIB Sigli Women's Correctional Institution, and what obstacles are encountered in their implementation. This study aims to explain the legal framework governing the fulfillment of reproductive health rights for female inmates, to describe its implementation at the Class IIB Sigli Women's Correctional Institution, and to identify the obstacles encountered in fulfilling these rights. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach. Primary data were collected through interviews with correctional officers, healthcare service personnel, medical staff, and female inmates at the Class IIB Sigli Women's Correctional Institution. Secondary data were obtained through a literature review of statutory regulations, books, and scientific journals. The findings indicate that the fulfillment of reproductive health rights at the Class IIB Sigli Women's Correctional Institution has not yet been fully optimized. Available services include general health examinations and maternal healthcare services; however, these services remain limited in terms of facilities and service quality. The primary challenges include a shortage of medical personnel, inadequate healthcare facilities, and prison overcrowding, all of which adversely affect the quality of healthcare services. Efforts to address these challenges include collaboration with the local community health center (Puskesmas) and the provision of periodic healthcare services. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government improve healthcare facilities and increase the number of healthcare professionals in correctional institutions, while also strengthening policies that ensure the optimal fulfillment of reproductive health rights for inmates.