Electronic Theses and Dissertation

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KEWAJIBAN AHLI WARIS DALAM
PERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH

Risnawati*
Teuku Muttaaqin Mansur**
Novi Sriwahyuni***


ABSTRAK

Pasal 36 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran
Tanah (PP Pendaftaran Tanah) menyatakan bahwa ahli waris wajib mendaftarkan
peralihan hak atas tanah karena pewarisan pada Kantor Pertanahan. Pasal 37 PP
Pendaftaran Tanah menyatakan bahwa peralihan hak atas tanah hanya dapat
didaftarkan jika dibuktikan melalui akta yang dibuat oleh Pejabat Pembuat Akta
Tanah (PPAT) salah satunya Akta Jual Beli (AJB). Pasal 38 ayat (1) menyatakan
bahwa pembuatan AJB wajib dihadiri oleh para pihak serta minimal 2 (dua) orang
saksi. Namun, berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 55/Pdt.G/2024/PN Bna
bahwa Penjual (ahli waris) tanah objek sengketa belum mendaftarkan peralihan hak
atas tanah karena pewarisan pada Kantor Pertanahan, dan tidak hadir untuk
menandatangani pembuatan AJB.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis kewajiban ahli
waris terhadap jual beli yang telah dibuat oleh pewaris, akibat hukum terhadap
peralihan hak atas tanah yang tidak disetujui oleh ahli waris dan perlindungan
hukum terhadap pembeli yang beritikad baik dalam peralihan hak yang tidak
disetujui oleh ahli waris.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Sumber data
penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder dan didukung oleh data primer. Analisis data
secara kualitatif dengan maksud memberikan gambaran-gambaran dengan katakata
atas
temuan-temuan
penelitian.

Hasil

penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ahli waris wajib memberikan
persetujuan dari seluruh ahli waris, menandatangani AJB, atau memberikan kuasa
notariil jika berhalangan hadir untuk proses penandatanganan AJB. Akibat hukum
terhadap peralihan hak atas tanah yang tidak disetujui oleh ahli waris yaitu tidak
dapat terjadi peralihan hak atas tanah sehingga terjadinya perbuatan melawan
hukum. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pembeli yang beritikad baik dalam peralihan
hak atas tanah warisan yang tidak disetujui oleh ahli waris yaitu dengan
mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan.
Disarankan kepada kepada ahli waris untuk melaksanakan kewajibannya
dalam melakukan perbuatan hukum jual beli tanah warisan. Ahli waris diharapkan
menyetujui peralihan hak atas tanah warisan dengan ikut hadir dan menandatangani
AJB. Disarankan kepada pembeli tanah warisan untuk selalu menerapkan prinsip
kehati-hatian sebelum melakukan perbuatan hukum jual beli tanah warisan.

Kata Kunci: Tinjauan Yuridis, Kewajiban Ahli Waris, Peralihan Hak Atas
Tanah.

A JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF HEIRS IN THE TRANSFER OF LAND RIGHTS Risnawati* Teuku Muttaaqin Mansur** Novi Sriwahyuni*** ABSTRACT Article 36 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration (The Land Registration Regulation) stipulates that heirs are obligated to register the transfer of land rights by reason of inheritance at the Land Registry Office. Article 37 of the Land Registration Regulation further provides that the transfer of land rights may only be registered upon proof through a deed executed by a Land Deed Official (PPAT), one of which is a Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB). Article 38 paragraph (1) mandates that the execution of an AJB must be attended by the parties thereto as well as a minimum of two (2) witnesses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, based on Court Decision Number 55/Pdt.G/2024/PN Bna, it was established that the Vendor (heir) of the land subject to the dispute had failed to register the transfer of land rights by reason of inheritance at the Land Registry Office and was absent at the time of execution of the AJB. This study aims to examine and analyze the legal obligations of heirs with respect to a sale and purchase transaction previously entered into by the decedent, the legal consequences arising from the transfer of land rights that has not been consented to by the heirs, and the legal protection afforded to a bona fide purchaser in the event of a transfer of land rights undertaken without the consent of the heirs. This study employs a normative juridical research methodology. The primary source of data consists of secondary legal materials, supplemented by primary data. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively with a view to presenting descriptive findings in narrative form. The findings of this study indicate that heirs are obligated to provide unanimous consent from all heirs, to execute the AJB, or to grant a notarial power of attorney in the event of inability to be present at the time of execution of the AJB. The legal consequence of a transfer of land rights that has not been duly consented to by the heirs is that no valid transfer of land rights may occur, thereby constituting an unlawful act. Legal protection available to a bona fide purchaser in the context of a transfer of inherited land rights that has not been consented to by the heirs shall be pursued by way of a civil claim before the competent court. It is recommended that heirs fulfill their legal obligations in respect of sale and purchase transactions involving inherited land. Heirs are further advised to consent to the transfer of inherited land rights by appearing in person and executing the AJB. It is additionally recommended that purchasers of inherited land consistently apply the principle of due diligence prior to entering into any legal transaction involving the sale and purchase of inherited land. Keyword: Juridical Review, Legal Obligations of Heirs, Transfer of Land Rights,