Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PELAKSANAAN PEMBAYARAN GANTI KERUGIAN TERHADAP HAK
ATAS TANAH DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN
KRUENG BARO ACEH SELATAN
Cut Tiya Ascasari
1

ABSTRAK
, Ilyas Ismail
2
, Siti Rahmah
3
Pembangunan infrastruktur untuk kepentingan umum memerlukan
pengadaan tanah yang berlandaskan prinsip keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan
kemanfaatan sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 2
Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan
Umum, yang meliputi asas kemanusiaan, keadilan, kemanfaatan, kepastian,
keterbukaan, kesepakatan, keikutsertaan, kesejahteraan, keberlanjutan, dan
keselarasan. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pelaksanaan ganti kerugian masih
menimbulkan permasalahan, hal ini terlihat dalam pembangunan jembatan Krueng
Baro Aceh Selatan, di mana terdapat perbedaan nilai tanah sebanjar serta
ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap nilai yang ditetapkan.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pembayaran
ganti kerugian terhadap hak atas tanah dalam pembangunan jembatan,
mengidentifikasi hambatan yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran ganti
kerugian, serta menganalisis upaya penyelesaian pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah
pembangunan jembatan Krueng Baro di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan.
Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi
hukum, data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen,
Kepala Bidang Bina Marga, Badan Pertanahan Nasional, Kantor Jasa Penilai
Publik, serta masyarakat terdampak, dan diperkuat dengan studi kepustakaan.
Terhadap seluruh data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan ganti kerugian belum
sepenuhnya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, dalam
pelaksanaan tersebut belum mencerminkan keadilan substantif, karena tidak
dilaksanakannya konsultasi publik serta tidak terakomodasinya kerugian nonfisik
dalam penetapan nilai ganti kerugian. Hambatan yang muncul bersifat
multidimensional, meliputi keterbatasan data pertanahan, lemahnya integrasi
kelembagaan, serta rendahnya transparansi. Upaya penyelesaian yang telah
dilakukan meliputi musyawarah dan negosiasi ulang antara pihak pelaksana,
KJPP, dan masyarakat yang menolak ganti kerugian.
Disarankan pelaksanaan ganti kerugian agar dilakukan secara lebih
transparan, partisipatif, dan mengakomodasi kerugian nonfisik. Disarankan
mengembangkan data Zona Nilai Tanah (ZNT) yang terintegrasi serta pemberian
hak appraisal pembanding bagi masyarakat. Disarankan pembentukan pengawas
independen yang melibatkan masyarakat, akademisi, dan LSM, penguatan
musyawarah substantif melalui perda/pergub, serta penerapan sanksi tegas
terhadap aparatur atau konsultan yang melakukan penyimpangan.
Kata kunci: pengadaan tanah, ganti kerugian, hak atas tanah, kepastian hukum,
keadilan, Jembatan Krueng Baro.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPENSATION PAYMENT FOR LAND RIGHTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KRUENG BARO BRIDGE, SOUTH ACEH Cut Tiya Ascasari 1 ABSTRACT , Ilyas Ismail 2 , Siti Rahmah 3 Infrastructure development for the public interest requires land acquisition based on the principles of justice, legal certainty, and expediency, as stipulated in Article 2 of Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest. These principles include humanity, justice, benefit, certainty, transparency, agreement, participation, welfare, sustainability, and harmony. In practice, however, the implementation of compensation payments continues to generate disputes. This issue was evident in the construction of the Krueng Baro Bridge in South Aceh, where public dissatisfaction with the compensation amount were identified. This study aims to analyze the implementation of compensation payments for land rights in the construction of the bridge, identify the obstacles encountered in the compensation payment process, and examine the efforts undertaken to resolve issues arising from land acquisition for the construction of the Krueng Baro Bridge in South Aceh Regency. This research employed an empirical juridical method with a sociology of law approach. Data were collected through interviews with the Commitment Making Officer, the Head of the Highway Development Division, officials of the National Land Agency, representatives of the Public Appraisal Service Office, and affected community members. The data were further supported by a literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that, formally, the implementation of compensation payments complied with applicable legal procedures. However, it did not fully reflect substantive justice, as public consultations were not conducted and nonphysical losses were not taken into account in determining compensation values. The obstacles encountered were multidimensional, including limitations in land administration data, weak institutional integration, and a lack of transparency. Resolution efforts undertaken included deliberation and renegotiation among the implementing agencies, the Public Appraisal Service Office, and community members who rejected the compensation offered. The study recommends that compensation payments be implemented in a more transparent and participatory manner, non-physical losses be adequately accommodated in determining compensation values, developing integrated Land Value Zone database and the provision of the right for affected communities to obtain an independent comparative appraisal. Furthermore, the establishment of an independent oversight body involving community representatives, academics, and non-governmental organizations is recommended, along with the strengthening of substantive deliberation mechanisms through regional regulations and the imposition of strict sanctions on officials or consultants who engage in irregularities. Keywords : land acquisition; compensation; land rights; legal certainty; justice, Krueng Baro Bridge.