Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Lipase merupakan enzim kelas hidrolitik yang dapat mengkatalisis lemak, melepaskan asam lemak bebas, diasilgliserol, monoasilgliserol dan gliserol. Lipase dalam kondisi tertentu mampu mengkatalisis reaksi hidrolisis, esterifikasi, dan transesterifikasi. Dalam penelitian ini, enzim lipase diproduksi dari hasil fermentasi kulit buah nanas dan kulit buah markisa, yang diberi nama lipase FKNM. Aktivitas lipase FKNM maksimum sebesar 3,14 U/mL, diperoleh pada fraksi pengendapan amonium sulfat 20-40%. Stabilitas enzim lipase FKNM yang telah dipurifikasi diteliti berdasarkan variasi pH, suhu, dan waktu, dengan kondisi optimum pada pH 8, suhu 40°C, dan waktu inkubasi 15 menit. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan melalui proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah menggunakan enzim lipase FKNM kemudian dianalisis dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan kandungan utama metil ester asam lemak berupa metil 14-pentadekanoat (62,43252%), metil 11-siklopentilundekanoat (10,23713%), dan metil palmitat (27,33035%). Sifat fisik-kimia biodiesel yang diperoleh meliputi densitas 852,3 kg/m3, viskositas 5,4 cSt, bilangan asam 1,7 mg KOH/g, dan titik nyala 119,6°C. Parameter yang diuji untuk biodiesel tersebut telah memenuhi standar SNI 7182:2015, kecuali bilangan asam yang masih berada di atas batas maksimum yang dipersyaratkan.

Lipase is a hydrolytic enzyme that can catalyze fats, releasing free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and glycerols. Under certain conditions, lipase can catalyze hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification reactions. In this study, lipase enzymes were produced from the fermentation of pineapple peel and passion fruit peel, that named lipase FKNM. Maximum lipase FKNM activity of 3,14 U/mL was obtained in the 20-40% ammonium sulfate precipitation fraction. The stability of the purified lipase enzyme was studied based on variations in pH, temperature, and time of incubation, with optimal conditions at pH 8, temperature 40°C, and incubation time of 15 minutes. The biodiesel produced through the transesterification of used cooking oil using lipase FKNM was then analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results showed that the main fatty acid methyl ester content was methyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (62,43%), methyl 11-cyclopentylundecanoate (10,23%), methyl palmitate (27,33%). The physical and chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained included a density of 852.3 kg/m3, viscosity of 5.4 cSt, acid number of 1.7 mg KOH/g, and flash point of 119.6 °C. The parameters tested for the biodiesel met the SNI 7182:2015 standard, except for the acid number, which was still above the maximum limit required.