Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peningkatan kebutuhan pangan di sektor akuakultur, khususnya budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei), menuntut inovasi teknologi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemberian pakan dan menjaga kualitas lingkungan tambak. Penelitian ini merancang dan menguji sistem autofeeder berbasis IoT dan energi surya dengan mekanisme sebar 360° untuk mendistribusikan pakan secara merata. Sistem ini mampu dikendalikan dan dipantau jarak jauh, mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap tenaga kerja manual. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan panel surya menghasilkan energi rata-rata 716,5 Wh/hari dengan daya puncak 152 W, mencukupi kebutuhan sistem sebesar 502,06 Wh/hari. Baterai berkapasitas 1200 Wh mampu menopang operasi selama satu hari penuh. Sensor kualitas air menunjukkan akurasi baik dengan rata-rata error 2,19% (suhu), 3,32% (pH), dan DO 6,6–7,49 ppm. Motor DC pada PWM 255 dapat melontarkan 1 kg pakan dalam 4 menit dengan jangkauan sebar 6 meter. Variasi jarak dan berat pakan dipengaruhi ukuran butiran serta kelembapan pakan. Secara keseluruhan, sistem ini meningkatkan efisiensi pakan, menekan biaya operasional, dan mendukung budidaya udang berkelanjutan berbasis energi terbarukan.

Kata kunci: autofeeder, Internet of Things, panel surya, budidaya udang, efisiensi pakan

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for food in the aquaculture sector, particularly for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation, demands technological innovation to improve feeding efficiency and maintain pond environmental quality. This study designed and tested an IoT-based autofeeder system and solar energy with a 360° spread mechanism to distribute feed evenly. This system can be controlled and monitored remotely, reducing reliance on manual labor. Test results showed that the solar panel generated an average of 716.5 Wh/day with a peak power of 152 W, meeting the system's demand of 502.06 Wh/day. A 1200 Wh battery can support full-day operation. The water quality sensor demonstrated good accuracy with an average error of 2.19% (temperature), 3.32% (pH), and DO of 6.6–7.49 ppm. The DC motor on the PWM 255 can eject 1 kg of feed in 4 minutes with a spread range of 6 meters. Variations in feed distance and weight are influenced by grain size and feed moisture. Overall, this system improves feed efficiency, reduces operational costs, and supports sustainable shrimp farming based on renewable energy. Keywords: autofeeder, Internet of Things, solar panels, shrimp farming, feed efficiency