Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Entok merupakan salah satu jenis unggas air hasil domestikasi yang telah banyak
dibudidayakan dikalangan peternak tradisional. Produksi entok pedaging diekspresikan
dalam perfoma atau penampilan produksinya yang dapat diukur melalui, antara lain
pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum, Efisiensi ransum dan
mortalitas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan daun pepaya jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)
sebagai pakan alternatif bagi ternak unggas memiliki peluang yang besar sebagai tambahan
pakan dengan kandungan nutrisi tinggi setelah proses fermentasi. Daun pepaya jepang belum
digunakan secara optimal sebagai pakan ternak unggas, karena adanya kandungan hidrogen
sianida (HCN) dalam jumlah kecil. Hidrogen sianida merupakan racun yang dapat
membahayakan hewan dan manusia jika dikonsumsi dalam jumlah besar. Maka dari itu,
untuk meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi diupayakan dengan menggunakan
teknologi pengolahan seperti fermentasi. Dengan penambahn ragi sebagai mempercepat
proses fermentasi dan meningkatkan kualiatas pakan.
Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan April 2025 di
Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP) Departemen Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian,
Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Materi yang digunakan adalah 45 ekor pedaging,
bahan pakan yang digunakan terdiri dari pakan komersil Hi-pro-vite, daun pepaya jepang
(Cnidoscolus aconitifolius), dedak padi, dedak jagung, bungkil kelapa, tepung ikan, kulit
telur, vittok, ragi, air, dan molases. Proses fermentasi daun pepaya jepang dilaksanakan di
Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi, Teknologi, dan Hijauan Pakan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Syiah Kuala. P0+ = Pakan komersil 100% ; P- = Pakan komersil 75% + pakan campuran 25
% ; P1 = Pakan komersil 75% + pakan campuran 24 % + daun pepaya jepang fermentasi 1
% ; P2 = Pakan komersil 75% + pakan campuran 23 % + daun pepaya jepang fermentasi 2
% ; P3 = Pakan komersil 75% + pakan campuran 22 % + daun pepaya jepang fermentasi 3
%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 15 unit perlakuan. Data yang
dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Sidik Ragam (Analysis of Variance / ANOVA) dan jika
terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (Duncan
Multiple Range Test/ DMRT).
Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa total konsumsi, berat badaan akhir (BBA),
dan pertambahan berat badan (PBB) entok yang dipelihara dengan menggunakan 5
perlakuan dan 3 ulangan berbeda sangat nyata (P

Muscovy ducks are one type of domesticated waterfowl that has been widely raised among traditional farmers. The production performance of meat-type Muscovy ducks is expressed through measurable production indicators, such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, and mortality rate. Therefore, the utilization of Japanese papaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) as an alternative feed ingredient for poultry has great potential as a feed supplement with high nutritional content after undergoing fermentation. However, Japanese papaya leaves have not yet been optimally used as poultry feed due to their small content of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide is a toxin that can be harmful to animals and humans if consumed in large quantities. Thus, to increase the nutritional value, processing technologies such as fermentation are applied. The addition of yeast serves to accelerate the fermentation process and improve the feed quality. This research was conducted from February to April 2025 at the Field Livestock Laboratory (LLP), Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The materials used were 45 meat-type Muscovy ducks. The feed ingredients consisted of commercial feed (Hi-pro-vite), Japanese papaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius), rice bran, corn bran, coconut cake, fish meal, eggshell, vittok, yeast, water, and molasses. The fermentation of Japanese papaya leaves was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Technology, and Forage, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The treatments were as follows: P0+ = 100% commercial feed; P- = 75% commercial feed + 25% mixed feed; P1 = 75% commercial feed + 24% mixed feed + 1% fermented Japanese papaya leaves; P2 = 75% commercial feed + 23% mixed feed + 2% fermented Japanese papaya leaves; P3 = 75% commercial feed + 22% mixed feed + 3% fermented Japanese papaya leaves. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications, resulting in a total of 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if significant differences among treatments were found, they were further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that total feed intake, final body weight (FBW), and body weight gain (BWG) of Muscovy ducks raised with the five treatments and three replications differed very significantly (P