Electronic Theses and Dissertation

KONSEKUENSI HUKUM JUAL BELI TANAH HAK MILIK ADAT
YANG BELUM BERSERTIFIKAT DI GAMPONG LAMDINGIN
Nanda Elsa Safirah

Sulaiman
**
Mazwar
***
ABSTRAK
Indonesia menjamin kepastian hukum atas tanah melalui sistem pendaftaran
tanah sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 Tentang
Peraturan Dasar Pokok Agraria (UUPA) dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun
1997 Tentan Pendaftaran Tanah. Pendaftaran tanah menjadi syarat penting untuk
memperoleh perlindungan hukum atas hak milik adat, khususnya dalam proses
jual beli. Namun, dalam praktik di Gampong Lamdingin, jual beli tanah hak milik
adat masih sering dilakukan tanpa proses pendaftaran resmi. Hal ini menyebabkan
berbagai persoalan hukum seperti tumpang tindih klaim, kesulitan pembuktian
hak, dan kerugian bagi pembeli yang beritikad baik karena tanah belum diakui
secara yuridis.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prosedur hukum penerbitan
sertifikat terhadap tanah hak milik adat, baik secara normatif maupun dalam
praktik sosial; konsekuensi hukum dari jual beli tanah hak milik adat terhadap
kepastian hukum bagi para pihak; dan peran perangkat gampong dalam
mendukung proses jual beli tanah adat, termasuk dalam memberi legitimasi sosial
atas kepemilikan tanah yang belum terdaftar.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode hukum
normatif dan empiris. Pendekatan normatif dilakukan melalui kajian terhadap
peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pendaftaran tanah, sedangkan pendekatan
empiris dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah
(PPAT), aparat gampong, Badan Pertanahan Nasional, serta pihak penjual dan
pembeli tanah di Gampong Lamdingin.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur hukum penerbitan sertifikat
terhadap tanah hak milik adat dilakukan secara sporadik sesuai Pasal 19 UUPA,
PP No. 24 Tahun 1997, dan Peraturan Kepala BPN No. 1 Tahun 2010. Namun,
pelaksanaannya di lapangan menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti rendahnya
pemahaman masyarakat mengenai hukum pertanahan, minimnya dokumen
pendukung, serta lemahnya koordinasi antara pemerintah gampong dan kantor
pertanahan. Jual beli tanah hak milik adat sah menurut hukum adat, namun secara
yuridis lemah dan rentan sengketa karena tidak memiliki bukti kepemilikan yang
kuat. Konsekuensinya, pembeli yang beritikad baik dapat dirugikan, terutama jika
pihak lain memiliki sertifikat atas tanah yang sama. Perangkat gampong,
khususnya keuchik, memiliki peran penting dalam melegitimasi jual beli melalui
surat keterangan dan pendampingan administrasi. Namun, peran ini belum efektif
karena keterbatasan akses informasi, rendahnya kapasitas hukum, dan belum
adanya integrasi dengan sistem pertanahan nasional.
Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat adat melalui
sosialisasi dan pendampingan hukum, serta penguatan koordinasi antara perangkat
gampong, PPAT/PPATS, dan Kantor Pertanahan melalui integrasi sistem
informasi pertanahan. PPAT/PPATS harus menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian (due
diligence), dan perangkat gampong perlu diberi pelatihan serta akses data
pertanahan agar kewenangannya dijalankan secara sah dan mendukung kepastian
hukum.
Kata Kunci: Tanah Hak Milik Adat, Pendaftaran Tanah, Jual Beli, Sertifikat
Tanah, Kepastian Hukun

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF UNCERTIFIED CUSTOMARY LAND OWNERSHIP IN GAMPONG LAMDINGIN Nanda Elsa Safirah  Sulaiman ** Mazwar *** ABSTRACT Indonesia guarantees legal certainty over land through a registration system as regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. Land registration is a crucial requirement for legal protection of land ownership, especially in sale and purchase transactions. However, in practice, the sale and purchase of customary land ownership in Gampong Lamdingin often occurs without formal registration. This leads to legal issues such as overlapping claims, difficulties in proving ownership, and losses for good faith buyers due to the lack of legal recognition. This study aims to analyze the legal procedures for issuing land certificates for customary land ownership, both normatively and in practice; the legal consequences of unregistered customary land transactions on legal certainty for the parties involved; and the role of gampong officials in supporting such transactions, including their function in granting social legitimacy to unregistered land ownership. This research uses a normative and empirical legal method. The normative approach examines relevant laws and regulations on land registration, while the empirical approach involves interviews with Land Deed Officials (PPAT), gampong authorities, the National Land Agency, and parties involved in land transactions in Gampong Lamdingin. The findings show that the certification of customary land ownership follows a sporadic registration procedure in accordance with Article 19 of the UUPA, Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, and BPN Regulation No. 1 of 2010. However, its implementation faces various obstacles, including low public legal awareness, lack of supporting documents, and weak coordination between village governments and the Land Office. Although the sale and purchase of customary land is valid under customary law, it holds weak legal standing under national law and is prone to disputes due to the absence of formal ownership proof. Good faith buyers are particularly vulnerable when another party holds a registered certificate over the same land. Village officials, especially the keuchik (village head), play an important role in legitimizing transactions through certificates and administrative assistance, but their effectiveness is limited by inadequate access to land data, legal capacity, and systemic integration with national land administration. Therefore, efforts must be made to improve public understanding of land registration procedures through legal outreach and technical assistance. Coordination between village officials, PPAT/PPATS, and the Land Office should be strengthened through an integrated land information system. PPAT/PPATS must apply due diligence, and village officials should be provided with legal training and access to land data to ensure their authority is exercised lawfully and supports legal certainty. Keywords: Customary Land Ownership, Land Registration, Sale and Purchase, Land Certificate, Legal Certainty