Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Panji Maulana*
Muhammad Insa Ansari**2
Teuku Saiful***3

ABSTRAK

Dalam pengikatan perjanjian jual beli yang terjalin antara dua pihak harus dijalankan dan ditaati sesuai Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH Perdata menyebutkan suatu perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah maka akan mengikat para pihak sebagaimana mengikatnya undang-undang dan menjadi hukum bagi mereka. Perjanjian yang dibuat dan disepakati juga akan melahirkan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh para pihak, apabila kewajiban tersebut tidak dijalankan maka akan timbulnya wanprestasi karena cidera perjanjian yang telah disepakati. Seperti yang terjadi antara Baniyamin selaku pembeli dan alm. Muhammad Husen selaku penjual dalam pengikatan perjanjian jual beli ruko telah terjadi wanprestasi akibat pihak penjual tidak menyerahkan objek jual beli, pembeli telah sepenuhnya membayar harga ruko namun tidak mendapatkan haknya sehingga pembeli dirugikan dalam perjanjian jual beli tersebut.
Penulisan tesis ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis upaya pihak pembeli memperoleh hak kompensasi atas wanprestasi yang dilakukan pewaris terhadap objek jual beli, serta menjelaskan tanggung jawab ahli waris terhadap pembeli atas wanprestasi yang dilakukan pewaris.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis. Data diperoleh dari wawancara langsung dengan responden, dan studi pustaka yang bersumber dari peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif yang fokus pada pengamatan yang mendalam.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pihak pembeli telah menempuh berbagai upaya untuk memperoleh hak kompensasi atas wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh pewaris dimulai dengan penyelesaian secara kekeluargaan namun tidak membuahkan kesepakatan meskipun telah dilakukan beberapa kali, pembeli kemudian mengirimkan dua kali surat peringatan tetapi tetap tidak mendapat tanggapan dari pihak pewaris atau ahli waris, akhirnya pembeli mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi ke pengadilan guna menuntut hak kompensasinya. Ahli waris awalnya menolak bertanggung jawab atas utang pewaris karena tidak mengetahui adanya perjanjian jual beli ruko antara pewaris dan pembeli. Namun, sebagai pengganti kedudukan pewaris, ahli waris merasa memiliki kewajiban moral untuk menjaga nama baik keluarga dan berencana membayar sebesar Rp. 50.000.000,-. Jumlah tersebut tidak mencukupi total kerugian pembeli, sehingga dalam mediasi di pengadilan, pihak pembeli menawarkan opsi pembayaran bertahap dengan syarat minimal setengah dari kerugian dibayarkan. Dan opsi tersebut juga tidak disanggupi oleh ahli waris.
Disarankan kepada pembeli untuk mengajukan gugatan kembali agar mendapatkan kompensasi sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. Sementara itu, ahli waris yang telah menerima warisan diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan perkara ini dengan memenuhi hak pembeli atas wanprestasi yang dilakukan pewaris.


Kata Kunci: Wanprestasi, Perjanjian Jual Beli, Ahli Waris.

BREACH OF CONTRACT IN NON-CASH SHOPHOUSE SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE HEIRS Panji Maulana* Muhammad Insa Ansari**5 Teuku Saiful***6 ABSTRACT In the sale and purchase binding agreement, both parties must carry out and adhere to the terms as stipulated under Article 1338, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, which states that an agreement made legally will bind the parties as firmly as the law and become law for them. Agreements made and agreed upon will also give rise to obligations that must be fulfilled by the parties. If these obligations are not met, there will be a breach of contract due to a violation of the agreed-upon terms. This occurred between Baniyamin, as the buyer, and the late Muhammad Husen, as the seller, in the shophouse sale and purchase binding agreement. There was a breach of contract due to the seller’s failure to deliver the object of sale and purchase. The buyer had fully paid the price of the shophouse but did not receive his rights, which resulted in the buyer being disadvantaged in the sale and purchase agreement. This thesis aims to explain and analyze the buyer’s efforts to obtain compensasion rights for a breach of contract made by the testator regarding the object of sale and purchase, as well as the heirs’ responsibility to the buyer for this breach. This reseach is an empirical juridical reseach using a sociological approach. Data were obtained from direct interviews with respondents and literature studies sourced form laws, regulations, books, and journals. Data analysis employed a qualitative method focused on in-depth observation. The buyer has made various efforts to obtain compensation rights for defaults committed by the heirs, starting with a family settlement but not resulting in an agreement even though it has been done several times, the buyer then sends two warning letters but still does not receive a response from the heirs or heirs, finally the buyer files a default lawsuit to the court to claim his compensation rights. The heirs initially refused to be responsible for the heir's debts because they did not know of the existence of a shophouse sale and purchase agreement between the heirs and the buyer. However, in lieu of the position of the heir, the heir feels that he has a moral obligation to maintain the good name of the family and plans to pay Rp. 50,000,000,-. This amount is not enough for the buyer's total loss, so in mediation in court, the buyer offers a phased payment option on the condition that at least half of the loss is paid. And this option is also not afforded by the heirs. It is recommended to the buyer to file a lawsuit again in order to get compensation according to the applicable regulations. Meanwhile, the heirs who have received the inheritance are expected to be able to resolve this matter by fulfilling the buyer's rights for the default committed by the heir. Keywords: Breach of Contract, Sale and Purchase Agreement, Heirs.