Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Berdasarkan Pasal 4 Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Undang- Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) diterangkan bahwa hak menguasai tanah dapat dikuasai oleh orang-orang baik sendiri, bersama-sama dengan orang lain maupun badan hukum, hak yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 UUPA tersebut salah satunya adalah hak milik yang kemudian untuk memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang hak milik dilakukan pendaftaran tanah sebagaimana diterangkan dalam Pasal 19 UUPA. Berkaitan tata cara pendaftaran tanah diatur lebih lanjut pada PP No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah. Namun, dalam praktiknya, legalitas kepemilikan yang diberikan negara terdapat masalah tumpang tindih kepemilikan tanah, seperti munculnya Sertifikat ganda terhadap sebidang tanah Sertifikat Hak Milik di Kampung Lambaro Aceh Besar berdasarkan Sertifikat No.476 Tahun 2009. Akibat lahirnya Sertifikat ganda menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum terhadap kepemilikan tanah, sehingga Sertifikat No. 476 Tahun 2009 menimbulkan sengketa yang harus diselesaikan di pengadilan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan meneliti prinsip yang menjadi dasar Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) dalam melaksanakan pendaftaran tanah, bagaimana pertanggungjawaban Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN) terhadap obyek tanah yang memiliki Sertifikat ganda/ atau tumpang tindih pemegang hak, dan implikasi hukum atas terbitnya Sertifikat ganda.
Metode peneltian menggunakan yuridis normative dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara sebagai data pendukung. Selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisa dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Badan Pertanahan Nasional dalam melakukan proses pendaftaran tanah belum sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip sebagaimana diatur pada peraturan perundang-undangan diantara prinsip yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan diantaranya; prinsip aman, prinsip mutakhir, dan prinsip terbuka. Ditemukan bahwa pertanggungjawaban Badan Pertanahan Nasional apabila terdapat Sertifikat ganda diawali dengan adanya pengaduan dari masyarakat ke Kantor Pertanahan setalah adanya pengaduan maka pihak Kantor Pertanahan akan melakukan analisis jika ditemukan adanya permasalahan Sertifikat ganda dan Sertifikat harus dibatalkan, maka Kantor Pertanahan akan menyurati Kanwil Badan Pertanahan Nasional, dikarenakan kewenangan pembatalan Sertifikat terdapat pada Kanwil Badan Pertanahan Nasional bukan pada Kantor Pertanahan Kab/Kota. Ditemukan implikasi hukum akibat adanya Sertifikat ganda diantaranya: pertama, menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. kedua, kerugian kedua belah pihak yang bersengketa terutama bagi yang dinyatakan kalah dalam persidangan. ketiga, pembatalan atau pencabutan Sertifikat berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara yang sudah berkekuatan hukum tetap.
Disarankan kepada Kepala Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional agar dapat melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, sehingga diharapkan adanya pemahaman dari masyarakat berkaitan dengan prosedur penetapan batas dan pengukuran, serta pemasangan patok yang benar, karena hampir seluruh sengketa tanah disebabkan karena kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat pada saat pengukuran sehingga pada saat terjadi kesalahan pengukuran akan timbul sengketa batas kepemilikan tanah. Disarankan kepada masyarakat yang berbatasan untuk ikut berpartisipasi aktif dalam proses pendaftaran tanah untuk menyepakati batas-batas tanah mereka. Disarankan kepada Kementrian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) melakukan koordinasi dan pengelolaan sistem informasi di lingkungan Kementrian ATR/BPN agar tidak terjadinya kesalahan data internal sehingga diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya permasalahan Sertifikat ganda.

Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab, Badan Pertanahan Nasional, Sertifikat Ganda

ABSTRACT Based on Article 4 of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), it is explained that the right to control land can be controlled by people either alone, together with other people or legal entities. One of the rights referred to in Article 4 of the UUPA is property rights, which then provide legal certainty for property rights holders through land registration as explained in Article 19 of the UUPA. The procedures for land registration are further regulated in Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. However, in practice, the legality of ownership provided by the state there are problems of overlapping land ownership, such as the emergence of double certificates against a plot of land certificate of Hak Milik in Kampung Lambaro Aceh Besar based on Excerpts of Land Drawing No. 563/80 dated 15 December 1980. 563/80 dated 15 December 1980. As a result of the birth of multiple certificates, there is legal uncertainty about land ownership, resulting in disputes that must be resolved in court. This study aims to examine and research the principles underlying the National Land Agency (BPN) in carrying out land registration and how the National Land Agency (BPN) is responsible for land objects that have multiple certificates or overlapping rights holders. These problems cause legal uncertainty for holders of property rights certificates, leading to disputes between the parties. The research method uses normative juridical with a statute approach and case approach. The data used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques using literature studies and interviews as supporting data. Furthermore, the data is processed and analysed with qualitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the National Land Agency in carrying out the land registration process has not been in accordance with the principles as stipulated in the legislation among the principles that are not in accordance with the legislation include: the principle of security, the principle of the latest, and the principle of openness. It was found that the responsibility of the National Land Agency in the event of multiple certificates begins with a complaint from the public to the Land Office after the complaint, the Land Office will conduct an analysis if a double certificate problem is found and the certificate must be cancelled, then the Land Office will write to the Regional Office of the National Land Agency, because the authority to cancel certificates lies with the Regional Office of the National Land Agency, not the District / City Land Office. The legal implications of the existence of multiple certificates were found to include: firstly, the creation of legal uncertainty; secondly, the loss of both parties to the dispute, especially those who were declared losers in the trial; and thirdly, the cancellation or revocation of certificates based on State Administrative Court decisions that have permanent legal force. The suggested that the National Land Agency Office should conduct socialisation to the community, so that it is expected that there is an understanding from the community regarding the procedures for determining boundaries and measurements, as well as the correct installation of stakes, because almost all land disputes are caused by a lack of community participation during measurements so that when there is a measurement error, a land ownership boundary dispute will arise. It is recommended that bordering communities actively participate in the land registration process to agree on the boundaries of their land. It is recommended that the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) coordinate and manage the information system within the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) so that internal data errors do not occur and thus prevent the problem of multiple certificates. Keywords: Responsibility, National Land Agency, Multiple Certificates