Electronic Theses and Dissertation

RINGKASAN

Limbah serai wangi merupakan salah satu pakan alternatif yang potensial untuk mencukupi kebutuhan ternak, namun keberadaan lignin yang cukup tinggi dalam limbah serai wangi sangat memengaruhi kualitas nutrisi limbah serai wangi, karena terbentuknya ikatan komplek lignoselulosa dan lignohemiselulosa, sehingga tingkat kecernaannya rendah. Selain itu limbah serai wangi juga masih mengandung sisa senyawa atsiri yang dapat menganggu kinerja mikroba rumen. Teknologi fermentasi diketahui dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar dan mengurai kandungan atsiri dalam bahan pakan, namun pada bahan pakan yang mengandung kadar serat kasar yang tinggi perlakuan fermentasi saja kurang efektif karena keterbatasan kemampuan enzim mikrobial dalam melakukan penetrasi dalam bahan pakan untuk mendegradasi kandungan serat. Gabungan proses amoniasi dan fermentasi yang dikenal sebagai amofer diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan degradasi fraksi serat pada limbah serai wangi. Proses amoniasi menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan komposisi dinding sel dengan memutus ikatan lignoselulosa dan lignohemiselulosa sehingga enzim mikrobial pada proses fermentasi mudah melakukan penetrasi ke dalam serat pakan selama proses degradasi. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan proses amofer adalah lama amoniasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai pengaruh lama amoniasi pada perlakuan amofer terhadap peningkatan kualitas nutrisi limbah serai wangi.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari hingga Maret 2024 di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP) dan Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi, Teknologi dan Hijauan Pakan, Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Evaluasi kandungan nutrisi dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biotek Center IPB. Bahan yang digunakan adalah limbah serai wangi, urea, molasses, dedak halus dan bakteri decomposer alfalfa (MA-11). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan lama amoniasi yaitu: P0 = 0 hari (kontrol), P1 = 7 hari; P2= 14 hari ; P3= 21 hari. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 4 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 16 unit perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK), lemak kasar (LK), abu dan bahan ekstrak tanpa Nitrogen (BETN).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama amoniasi pada limbah serai wangi memiliki pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata ( P

ABSTRACT Lemongrass waste is one of the potential alternative feeds to meet livestock needs, but the presence of quite high lignin in lemongrass waste greatly affects the nutritional quality of lemongrass waste, because of the formation of complex bonds of lignocellulose and lignohemicellulose, so that the digestibility level is low. In addition, lemongrass waste also still contains residual essential compounds that can interfere with the performance of rumen microbes. Fermentation technology is known to reduce crude fiber levels and decompose essential content in feed ingredients, but in feed ingredients containing high crude fiber levels, fermentation treatment alone is less effective due to the limited ability of microbial enzymes to penetrate feed ingredients to degrade fiber content. The combination of ammoniation and fermentation processes known as amofer is expected to optimize the degradation of fiber fractions in lemongrass waste. The ammoniation process causes changes in the structure and composition of cell walls by breaking lignocellulose and lignohemicellulose bonds so that microbial enzymes in the fermentation process can easily penetrate into feed fibers during the degradation process. One of the factors that determines the success of the amofer process is the duration of ammoniation. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the effect of ammoniation time on amofer treatment on improving the nutritional quality of citronella waste. This study was conducted from January to March 2024 at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory (LLP) and the Laboratory of Nutrition, Technology and Forage Science, Animal Husbandry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. Evaluation of nutritional content was carried out at the IPB Biotek Center Laboratory. The materials used were citronella waste, urea, molasses, fine bran and alfalfa decomposer bacteria (MA-11). The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 4 treatments of ammoniation time, namely: P0 = 0 days (control), P1 = 7 days; P2 = 14 days; P3 = 21 days. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications, so that 16 treatment units were obtained. The parameters observed were dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (SK), crude fat (LK), ash and extract without Nitrogen (BETN). The results showed that the difference in ammoniation time on citronella waste had a very significant effect (P