Electronic Theses and Dissertation

PENGATURAN KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DI
LEMBAGA LEGISLATIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN
(STUDI PADA DPRK ACEH BESAR PERIODE 2019-2024)

Lucky Arie Syahrizal.
*
Prof. Dr. Faisal, S.H., M.Hum.**
1
Dr. M. Nur, S.H., M.H. ***

ABSTRAK
Konstitusi Indonesia mengakui adanya partisipasi politik berbasis kesamaan
(equality) sebagai realisasi dari kesetaraan politik (political equality). Pengakuan
adanya kesamaan patisipasi politik tersebut juga telah dituangkan pada Pasal 65
Undang-Undang Pemilu DPR, DPD dan DPRD, bahwa partai politik peserta pemilu
harus memperhatikan keterwakilan perempuan sekurang-kurangnya 30%.
Meskipun begitu, keterwakilan perempuan di lembaga legislatif baik tingkat pusat
(DPR RI) dan tingkat daerah (DPRD Provinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota) belum dapat
dipenuhi termasuk pemenuhan keterpilihan perempuan di DPRK Aceh Besar pada
periode Pemilu 2019. Proteksi ketentuan keterwakilan perempuan dalam UndangUndang
Pemilu
DPR,
DPD
dan
DPRD
cenderung
kurang
relevan
dengan
prinsip

negara
hukum,
keadilan
dan
hak
asasi
manusia.

Oleh katena itu, kajian utama di
dalam penelitian ini memaparkan tiga permasalahan, yaitu ketentuan keterwakilan
perempuan di lembaga legislatif dalam prinsip negara hukum, relevansi proteksi
hukum dalam ketentuan keterwakilan perempuan dari perspektif konsep keadilan
hukum dan hak asasi manusia, serta realisasi perolehan suara perempuan setelah
pemilihan umum khususnya di DPRK Aceh Besar periode 2019.
Adapun Jenis penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif, dengan menggunakan tiga
pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan
sejarah (historical approach), dan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach).
Sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer yang terdiri dari temuan
hasil wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Selain itu, sumber penelitian ini merujuk
kepada bahan hukum tertulis, baik regulasi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku
hukum, kamus hukum, dan bahan kepustakaan lainnya. Adapun metode analisis
penelitian ini adalah prescriptive-analysis.
Hasil analisis dan temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proteksi ketentuan
keterwakilan perempuan menyisakan permasalahan dilihat dari prinsip persamaan
(equality) dalam negara hukum. Ketentuan keterwakilan perempuan mengabaikan
prinsip persamaan atau equality, karena ketentuan kuota minimum keterwakilan
perempuan justru mendiskriminasi hak perempuan atau laki-laki. Dalam negara
hukum berbasis prinsip persamaan, setiap individu bebas di dalam menggunakan
haknya untuk dapat mengikuti kontestasi politik menjadi calon anggota legislatif
tanpa harus membatasi kuota minimum. Proteksi hukum keterwakilan perempuan
dengan kuota minimum kurang relavan dengan konsep keadilan hukum dan hak
asasi manusia. Esensi prinsip keadilan adalah keseimbangan yang proporsional
(balances-proportional atau mauzun). Tiap individu berhak punya hak mengakses
suatu posisi yang setara dan memiliki kesempatan yang sama, adanya pemenuhan
pemenuhan hak secara tepat dan proporsional. Esensi ini hilang sekiranya kuota
dibatasi dalam hitungan tertentu termasuk dengan batas minimum 30%. Realisasi
perolehan suara perempuan di DPRK Aceh Besar setelah pemilihan umum tahun
2019 masing rendah, yaitu dari jumlah 35 kursi yang tersedia hanya satu anggota
legislatif perempuan yang terpilih dalam pemilihan umum. Ini mengindikasikan
rendahnya masyarakat di dalam memilih anggota legislatif perempuan. Faktornya
ialah budaya masyarakat cenderung patriarkis, resistensi terhadap kepemimpinan
perempuan, rendahnya edukasi terhadap kader perempuan dan masyarakat selaku
pemilih.
Disarankan agar pemerintah bersama-sama dengan lembaga legislatif selaku
pembentuk undang-undang perlu mempertimbangkan kembali mengenai proteksi
kuota minimum ketentuan keterwakilan perempuan di lembaga legislatif, dengan
melihat pada aspek pemenuhan prinsip persamaan (equality) pada negara hukum,
konsep keadilan hukum dan hak asasi manusia. Lembaga legislatif, partai politik,
KIP Aceh, dan pemerintah, termasuk ulama (MPU Aceh) perlu melakukan upaya
maksimal di dalam mengedukasi masyarakat mengenai pentingnya kepemimpinan
perempuan.

Kata Kunci: Keterwakilan Perempuan, Legislatif, Keadilan, DPRK Aceh Besar.

WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ARRANGEMENT IN LEGISLATIVE INSTITUTIONS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE (A STUDY ON THE REGIONAL PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL OF ACEH BESAR FOR THE 20192024 PERIOD) Lucky Arie Syahrizal. * Prof. Dr. Faisal, S.H., M.Hum. ** 2 Dr. M. Nur, S.H., M.H. *** ABSTRACT The Indonesian Constitution acknowledges the existence of politically equal- based political participation as the realization of political equality. The recognition of such political participation equality has also been enshrined in Article 65 of the Law on General Elections for the People's Consultative Assembly, Regional Representative Council, and Regional People's Representative Council, stipulating that participating political parties in elections must ensure the representation of women of at least 30%. Nevertheless, the representation of women in legislative institutions, both at the central level (People's Representative Council of Indonesia) and at the regional level (Provincial and Regency/City People's Representative Councils), has not yet been fulfilled, including the fulfillment of women's electoral representation in the Regional People's Representative Council of Aceh Besar during the 2019 Election period. The protection of provisions regarding women's representation in the Law on General Elections for the People's Consultative Assembly, Regional Representative Council, and Regional People's Representative Council appears to be somewhat incongruent with the principles of the rule of law, justice, and human rights. Hence, the primary focus of this research delineates three issues: the provisions for women's representation in legislative institutions within the framework of the rule of law, the legal protection's relevance in the context of women's representation from the perspective of the concept of legal justice and human rights, and the realization of women's vote acquisition post-general elections, particularly in the Regional People's Representative Council of Aceh Besar during the 2019 period. The research type is juridical-empirical, employing three approaches: conceptual approach, historical approach, and statutory approach. The primary data sources consist of interview findings and documentary studies. Additionally, this research draws upon written legal materials, including regulatory legislation, legal books, legal dictionaries, and other literary sources. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis and research findings indicate that the protection provided by provisions on women's representation leaves issues when viewed from the principle of equality within the rule of law. The provisions on women's representation overlook the principle of equality, as the minimum quota requirement for women's representation paradoxically discriminates against the rights of both women and men. In a rule-of-law state based on the principle of equality, every individual is free to exercise their right to participate in the political contest as a candidate for legislative membership without being constrained by minimum quotas. Legal protection for women's representation through minimum quotas becomes less relevant to the concepts of legal justice and human rights. The essence of the principle of justice is a proportional balance (balances-proportional or mauzun). Each individual has the right to access a position that is equivalent and has an equal opportunity, with the fulfillment of rights being appropriate and proportional. This essence is lost when quotas are restricted within a certain count, including the minimum limit of 30%. The realization of women's vote acquisition in the Regional People's Representative Council of Aceh Besar after the 2019 general election was notably low. Out of the total of 35 available seats, only one female legislative member was elected in the general election. This indicates the low inclination of the community to choose female legislative members. The factors contributing to this are the patriarchal tendencies within the culture, resistance to female leadership, low education levels among female candidates, and within the general electorate. It is recommended that the government, in collaboration with the legislative body as the law-making institution, reconsider the protection of the minimum quota for women's representation in legislative institutions. This reconsideration should take into account the aspect of upholding the principle of equality in the rule of law, the concept of legal justice, and human rights. Legislative bodies, political parties, the Aceh Election Commission (KIP Aceh), and the government, including religious scholars (Ulama MPU Aceh), should make concerted efforts to educate the public about the importance of women's leadership. Keywords: Women's Representation, Legislative, Justice, Regional People's Representative Council of Aceh Besar.