Electronic Theses and Dissertation

KONKRETISASI ASAS KEHATI-HATIAN DALAM PERATURAN MENTERI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN NOMOR 14 TAHUN 2023 TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN USAHA DAN/ATAU KEGIATAN TERBANGUN DI SUAKA MARGASATWA RAWA SINGKIL

Iin Kartika,[*Mahasiswa ]*
Yanis Rinaldi,[**Dosen Pembimbing Utama]**
Muazzin,[***Dosen Pembimbing Anggota]***

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penerbitan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (Permen LHK) Nomor 14 Tahun 2023 sebagai instrumen penyelesaian usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang telah terbangun sebelum 2 November 2020 di Kawasan Suaka Alam, Kawasan Pelestarian Alam, dan Taman Buru. Secara Das Sein, di Suaka Margasatwa Rawa Singkil ditemukan kegiatan terbangun berupa perkebunan kelapa sawit, pertanian, pembukaan lahan, dan kanal pada ekosistem rawa gambut yang rentan terhadap kerusakan serius atau sulit dipulihkan. Secara Das Sollen, Pasal 19 Undang-Undang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya melarang secara tegas kegiatan yang dapat mengakibatkan perubahan terhadap keutuhan Kawasan Suaka Alam dan terhadap pelanggarannya dikenai sanksi pidana, Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup mewajibkan penerapan asas kehati-hatian dan tindakan pencegahan terhadap risiko pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Persoalan hukum muncul karena Permen LHK Nomor 14 Tahun 2023 mengatur penyelesaian kegiatan tersebut salah satunya melalui skema kemitraan konservasi yang memberikan jangka waktu berdasarkan jenis komoditas, sementara risiko ekologis tidak dijadikan sebagai parameter normatif pengambilan keputusan lamanya jangka waktu kemitraan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konkretisasi asas kehati-hatian dalam Permen LHK Nomor 14 Tahun 2023, khususnya pengaturan jangka waktu kemitraan konservasi dalam Pasal 25, serta implikasi yuridis penerapannya terhadap perlindungan Suaka Margasatwa Rawa Singkil.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penalaran deduktif. Pendekatan kasus dilakukan dengan menelaah Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 5 P/HUM/2025 sebagai pembanding persuasif dalam penalaran pengujian substantif peraturan di bawah undang-undang dari perspektif perlindungan lingkungan. Analisis menggunakan asas kehati-hatian, teori hierarki norma dan harmonisasi hukum, teori perlindungan hukum, konsep penyelesaian administratif, konsep kawasan konservasi, serta perspektif ekonomi lingkungan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, konkretisasi asas kehati-hatian dalam pengaturan kemitraan konservasi Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 14 Tahun 2023 berada pada tingkat sedang karena risiko ekologis, kemampuan pemulihan, dan hasil monitoring belum menjadi parameter substantif yang menentukan lamanya dan keberlanjutan kemitraan.
Kedua, implikasi yuridis pengaturan jangka waktu kemitraan konservasi dalam Pasal 25 terhadap perlindungan Suaka Margasatwa Rawa Singkil adalah terbentuknya kepastian prosedural dan transisional bagi masyarakat serta dasar bertindak bagi aparat, disertai ketidakpastian substantif karena risiko ekologis, kemampuan pemulihan, dan hasil monitoring belum secara tegas menentukan perubahan, pengurangan, atau penghentian jangka waktu kemitraan.
Disarankan kepada Menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang kehutanan agar menyempurnakan Pasal 25, Pasal 36, serta Pasal 37 sampai dengan Pasal 39 dengan menempatkan kondisi ekologis awal, tingkat risiko, kemampuan pemulihan, target pemulihan, serta hasil monitoring dan evaluasi sebagai parameter substantif dalam penetapan dan tindak lanjut jangka waktu kemitraan konservasi. Direktorat Jenderal yang membidangi konservasi sumber daya alam dan ekosistem serta Balai KSDA Aceh disarankan menyusun dan menerapkan pedoman teknis yang menghubungkan kondisi ekologis, capaian pemulihan, dan hasil monitoring dengan keputusan mengenai keberlanjutan kemitraan.

Kata Kunci: asas kehati-hatian, penyelesaian administratif, kemitraan konservasi, Kawasan Suaka Alam, Suaka Margasatwa Rawa Singkil.

CONCRETIZATION OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY REGULATION NUMBER 14 OF 2023 CONCERNING THE RESOLUTION OF ESTABLISHED BUSINESSES AND/OR ACTIVITIES IN THE RAWA SINGKIL WILDLIFE RESERVE Iin Kartika Yanis Rinaldi Muazzin ABSTRACT This study is prompted by the enactment of Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2023 as an instrument for the settlement of businesses and/or activities established before 2 November 2020 within Nature Reserve Areas, Nature Conservation Areas, and Game Parks. In terms of the das sein, established activities, including oil palm plantations, agriculture, land clearing, and canals, have been identified within the peatland ecosystem of the Rawa Singkil Wildlife Reserve, which is vulnerable to serious or difficult-to-reverse ecological damage. In terms of the das sollen, Article 19 of the Law on Conservation of Living Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems expressly prohibits activities that may result in changes to the integrity of Nature Reserve Areas and imposes criminal sanctions for violations, while the Environmental Protection and Management Law requires the application of the precautionary principle and preventive measures against risks of environmental pollution and/or damage. The legal issue arises because Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2023 provides for the settlement of such activities, including through a conservation partnership scheme that determines the duration of the partnership based on the type of commodity, while ecological risk is not established as a normative parameter for determining the duration of the conservation partnership. This study aims to analyze the concretization of the precautionary principle in Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2023, particularly the regulation of the duration of conservation partnerships under Article 25, as well as the juridical implications of its application for the protection of the Rawa Singkil Wildlife Reserve. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning. The case approach examines Supreme Court Decision Number 5 P/HUM/2025 as persuasive authority in the reasoning of substantive judicial review of subordinate legislation from an environmental protection perspective. The analysis is grounded in the precautionary principle, the theories of normative hierarchy and legal harmonization, legal protection theory, the concept of administrative settlement, the concept of conservation areas, and the perspective of environmental economics.  Student  Main Supervisor  Co-Supervisor The findings demonstrate, first, that the concretization of the precautionary principle in the regulation of conservation partnerships under Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 14 of 2023 is at a moderate level because ecological risk, restoration capacity, and monitoring results have not become substantive parameters for determining the duration and continuation of the partnership. Second, the juridical implication of the regulation of the conservation partnership period under Article 25 for the protection of the Rawa Singkil Wildlife Reserve is the establishment of procedural and transitional legal certainty for communities and a basis for action by government officials, accompanied by substantive uncertainty because ecological risk, restoration capacity, and monitoring results have not been expressly established as determinants of the modification, reduction, or termination of the partnership period. This study recommends that the Minister responsible for forestry affairs refine Article 25, Article 36, and Articles 37 to 39 by positioning baseline ecological conditions, risk levels, restoration capacity, restoration targets, and monitoring and evaluation results as substantive parameters for determining and taking follow-up action regarding the conservation partnership period. The Directorate General responsible for the conservation of living natural resources and ecosystems and the Aceh Natural Resources Conservation Agency are recommended to develop and implement technical guidelines linking ecological conditions, restoration progress, and monitoring results to decisions concerning the continuation of conservation partnerships. Keywords: precautionary principle, administrative settlement, conservation partnership, Nature Reserve Area, Rawa Singkil Wildlife Reserve.