Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Minyak nilam (Patchouli oil) merupakan minyak atsiri yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan parfum karena memiliki aroma khas dan berfungsi sebagai fixative. Namun, sifatnya yang hidrofobik, mudah menguap, dan mudah teroksidasi menyebabkan minyak nilam sulit diformulasikan dalam sediaan berbasis air. Teknologi nanoemulsi menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan stabilitas minyak nilam sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai sistem penghantaran parfum fungsional halal berbasis air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi formulasi nanoemulsi minyak nilam melalui variasi rasio surfaktan Tween 20 dan kosurfaktan PEG 400 serta mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik dan stabilitas sediaan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan empat formula dengan variasi rasio Tween 20 : PEG 400 yaitu F1 (90:10), F2 (80:20), F3 (70:30), dan F4 (60:40). Seluruh formula dievaluasi melalui uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas (PDI), serta uji stabilitas menggunakan metode freeze–thaw cycling test selama enam siklus. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 29. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula memiliki karakteristik organoleptik yang baik berupa warna jernih kekuningan, aroma khas minyak nilam, tekstur agak kental, serta homogen tanpa terjadi pemisahan fase setelah cycling test. Nilai pH seluruh formula berada pada rentang pH kulit sehingga memenuhi persyaratan sediaan topikal. Nilai viskositas seluruh formula berada pada kisaran 226,70-480,66 cPs dan masih memenuhi standar viskositas nanoemulsi. Hasil pengujian distribusi ukuran partikel menunjukkan ukuran partikel berturut-turut sebesar 9,839 nm (F1), 11,96 nm (F2), 10,99 nm (F3), dan 13,30 nm (F4), dengan nilai PDI masing-masing sebesar 0,196; 0,267; 0,254; dan 0,375. Seluruh formula memiliki ukuran partikel

Patchouli oil is an essential oil widely used as a fragrance ingredient due to its distinctive aroma and its function as a fixative. However, its hydrophobic nature, high volatility, and susceptibility to oxidation make it difficult to formulate in water-based preparations. Nanoemulsion technology is considered a promising approach to improve the solubility and stability of patchouli oil, making it suitable as a delivery system for water-based halal functional perfumes. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of patchouli oil nanoemulsion by varying the ratio of Tween 20 as the surfactant and PEG 400 as the co-surfactant, and to evaluate the physical characteristics and stability of the resulting formulations. This experimental study employed four formulations with different Tween 20 400 ratios, namely F1 (90:10), F2 (80:20), F3 (70:30), and F4 (60:40). All formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and stability using a six-cycle freeze–thaw cycling test. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29. The results showed that all formulations exhibited acceptable organoleptic characteristics, including a clear yellowish appearance, the characteristic aroma of patchouli oil, a slightly viscous texture, and homogeneous systems without phase separation after the cycling test. The pH values of all formulations were within the acceptable skin pH range, indicating their suitability for topical applications. The viscosity values ranged from 226.70 to 480.66 cPs, meeting the standard viscosity requirements for nanoemulsions. Particle size distribution analysis revealed particle sizes of 9.839 nm (F1), 11.96 nm (F2), 10.99 nm (F3), and 13.30 nm (F4), with PDI values of 0.196, 0.267, 0.254, and 0.375, respectively. All formulations exhibited particle sizes below 100 nm and PDI values below 0.5, indicating a homogeneous particle size distribution. Keywords: Nanoemulsion, patchouli oil, halal functional perfume, patchouli alcohol, PSA