Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fenomena pengemis anak di Kota Banda Aceh menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan hak dan perlindungan anak belum sepenuhnya berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip Kota Layak Anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan program penanggulangan pengemis anak di bawah umur berdasarkan prinsip Kota Layak Anak serta mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaannya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori efektivitas kebijakan publik William N. Dunn yang mencakup identifikasi masalah, peramalan, rekomendasi, pemantauan, dan evaluasi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap 13 informan yang terdiri atas unsur pemerintah, masyarakat, dan anak dalam situasi mengemis. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
program penanggulangan pengemis anak di Kota Banda Aceh belum berjalan efektif secara menyeluruh. Meskipun pemerintah telah memiliki regulasi, gugus tugas, rumah singgah, serta mekanisme penjangkauan, asesmen, pembinaan,
pemulangan, dan rujukan, pelaksanaannya masih terkendala oleh belum adanya SOP terpadu, keterbatasan anggaran dan sumber daya, data yang belum terintegrasi, lemahnya koordinasi lintas instansi, serta belum optimalnya pemantauan pascapemulangan. Kendala eksternal berupa kemiskinan, putus sekolah, lemahnya pengasuhan, ketidakstabilan keluarga, mobilitas anak dari luar daerah, keterlibatan orang dewasa, dan kebiasaan masyarakat memberikan uang secara langsung turut menyebabkan anak kembali mengemis. Dengan demikian, program baru mampu memberikan perlindungan sementara dan belum menghasilkan perubahan yang berkelanjutan bagi anak dan keluarganya. Oleh karena itu, program perlu diarahkan pada pemenuhan pendidikan, kesehatan, tempat tinggal, perlindungan khusus, dan penguatan ekonomi keluarga secara berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Efektivitas program, pengemis anak, Kota Layak Anak, Banda Aceh

The phenomenon of child begging in Banda Aceh City indicates that the fulfillment of children’s rights and child protection has not been fully implemented in accordance with the principles of a Child-Friendly City. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of programs addressing underage child begging based on Child-Friendly City principles and to identify the challenges encountered during their implementation. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using William N. Dunn’s public policy effectiveness theory, which encompasses problem identification, forecasting, recommendation, monitoring, and evaluation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation involving 13 informants representing government institutions, community members, and children engaged in begging. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the child-begging prevention program in Banda Aceh City has not been fully effective. Although the government has established regulations, a task force, temporary shelters, and mechanisms for outreach, assessment, guidance, family reunification, and referral, its implementation remains constrained by the absence of integrated standard operating procedures, limited budgets and human resources, unintegrated data, weak inter-agency coordination, and inadequate post-reunification monitoring. External challenges, including poverty, school dropout, inadequate parenting, family instability, the mobility of children from outside the region, adult involvement, and the public’s habit of giving money directly to child beggars, also contribute to children returning to begging. Therefore, the program has only provided temporary protection and has not yet produced sustainable changes for the children and their families. Consequently, the program should be directed toward the sustainable fulfillment of children’s rights to education, healthcare, adequate housing, special protection, and family economic empowerment. Keywords: Program effectiveness, child beggars, child protection, Banda Aceh