Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi terbesar di Sumatera yang membentang di Aceh dan Sumatera Utara, termasuk Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Selain berfungsi sebagai kawasan konservasi, TNGL juga menjadi lokasi konflik permukiman masyarakat yang telah menetap secara turun- temurun sebelum kawasan tersebut ditetapkan. Konflik melibatkan sekitar 9. 428 jiwa di lima desa dan semakin menguat sejak diberlakukannya Peraturan Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 2025 tentang Penertiban Kawasan Hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi upaya penyelesaian konflik oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Gayo Lues serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi terhadap Kepala Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Kepala Dinas PUPR, Camat Putri Betung, dan perwakilan Forum Konservasi Leuser. Analisis data menggunakan enam indikator evaluasi kebijakan publik William N. Dunn, yaitu efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, pemerataan, responsivitas, dan ketepatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah daerah telah melakukan berbagai upaya, seperti pembentukan Satgas Penertiban Kawasan Hutan lintas SKPD, penyusunan proposal pelepasan kawasan, usulan revisi RTRW Provinsi Aceh untuk mengenklavekan sekitar 8.000 hektar lahan, serta audiensi ke Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Upaya tersebut menunjukkan responsivitas yang baik, namun efektivitas dan kecukupannya masih terbatas karena keputusan akhir berada pada pemerintah pusat dan proses pelepasan kawasan membutuhkan waktu yang panjang. Faktor pendukung meliputi bukti historis, koordinasi lintas sektor, komitmen pemerintah daerah, dan sistem adat Gayo, sedangkan faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan kewenangan daerah, kompleksitas birokrasi, dan penolakan masyarakat terhadap relokasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pendekatan Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) sebagai strategi penyelesaian konflik yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah; Konflik Permukiman; Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser; Evaluasi Kebijakan Publik; Gayo Lues

Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) is one of the largest conservation areas in Sumatra, spanning the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra, including Gayo Lues Regency. Besides serving as a conservation area, GLNP has become the site of settlement conflicts involving local communities who had inhabited the area long before it was designated as a national park. The conflict involves approximately 9. 428 residents across five villages and has intensified following the enactment of Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 concerning Forest Area Enforcement. This study aims to evaluate the conflict resolution efforts undertaken by the Gayo Lues Regency Government and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in addressing the settlement conflict. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through in-depth interviews and documentation involving the Head of the Environmental Agency, the Head of the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency, the Head of Putri Betung Subdistrict, and a representative of the Leuser Conservation Forum. Data were analyzed using William N. Dunn's six public policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. The findings indicate that the local government has undertaken several initiatives, including establishing an inter- agency Forest Area Enforcement Task Force, preparing a forest area release proposal, proposing revisions to the Aceh Provincial Spatial Plan to enclave approximately 8,000 hectares of land, and conducting repeated consultations with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. These efforts demonstrate good local responsiveness; however, their effectiveness and adequacy remain limited because the final authority rests with the central government and the forest area release process is expected to take several years. Supporting factors include historical evidence, cross-sectoral coordination, local government commitment, and the strong Gayo customary system, while inhibiting factors include limited regional authority, bureaucratic complexity, and community resistance to relocation. This study recommends the implementation of Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) as a sustainable strategy for resolving the conflict. Keywords: Local Government Policy; Settlement Conflict; Gunung Leuser National Park; Public Policy Evaluation; Gayo Lues.