Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura penting yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Namun, produksi dan mutu buah cabai sering mengalami penurunan akibat serangan penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletotrichum sp. Penyakit ini menyebabkan terbentuknya bercak nekrotik pada permukaan buah yang berkembang menjadi lesio cekung dan meluas, sehingga menurunkan kualitas dan daya simpan buah. Pengendalian antraknosa umumnya dilakukan menggunakan fungisida sintetis, tetapi penggunaannya secara terus-menerus dapat menimbulkan resistensi patogen serta berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan fungisida nabati berbahan dasar tanaman yang mengandung metabolit sekunder bersifat antifungi, seperti daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh yang efektif sebagai fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp) pada buah cabai merah di penyimpanan.
Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi perlakuan, yaitu 0% (kontrol), 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% dan diulang 4 kali. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 buah cabai sehingga diperoleh 200 total buah cabai. Setiap perlakuan diaplikasikan dengan cara disemprotkan ke buah cabai, kemudian cabai diinokulasi cendawan Colletotrichum sp. dan diamati perkembangannya. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi, kejadian penyakit, panjang lesio bercak, dan keparahan penyakit.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan di setiap peubah yang diamati tidak berpengaruh nyata secara statistik. Diketahui bahwa rata-rata masa inkubasi penyakit antraknosa pada perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% berturut-turut adalah 2,55, 2,88, 2,90, 2,93, dan 3,13 hari setelah inokulasi. Persentase kejadian penyakit berturut-turut sebesar 95%, 90%, 90%, 87,5%, dan 85%. Panjang lesio bercak pada 7 hari setelah inokulasi berturut-turut sebesar 3,50, 3,47, 3,42, 3,37, dan 3,25 cm. Sementara itu, keparahan penyakit berturut-turut tercatat sebesar 26,5%; 24,5%; 23,5%; 23%; dan 23% pada masing-masing perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, semua konsentrasi ekstrak daun kirinyuh yang diaplikasikan pada penelitian ini tidak efektif dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp.) pada buah cabai merah di penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengujian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan taraf konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi untuk mendapatkan keefektifan yang optimal.

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important horticultural commodity with high economic value that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. However, the production and quality of chili fruit often decrease due to anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. This disease causes necrotic spots on the fruit surface that expand into sunken lesions, thereby reducing the quality and shelf life of the fruit. Anthracnose control is commonly carried out using synthetic fungicides, but their continuous use can lead to pathogen resistance and negative impacts on the environment and health. Therefore, an eco-friendly control alternative is needed, one of which is the utilization of botanical fungicides made from plants containing antifungal secondary metabolites, such as Siam weed leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.). This study aimed to evaluate the effective concentration of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract as a botanical fungicide in controlling anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp.) on red chili fruit during storage. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 concentration treatment levels, namely 0% (control), 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, each replicated 4 times. Each replication consisted of 10 chili fruits, yielding a total of 200 chili fruits. Each treatment was applied by spraying onto the chili fruits, after which the chili fruits were inoculated with the fungus Colletotrichum sp. and observed for disease development. Parameters observed included incubation period, disease incidence, spot lesion length, and disease severity. The results showed that all treatments across all observed parameters had no statistically significant effect. The average incubation periods of anthracnose disease for the treatment concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% were 2.55, 2.88, 2.90, 2.93, and 3.13 days after inoculation, respectively. The disease incidence percentages were 95%, 90%, 90%, 87.5%, and 85%, respectively. The spot lesion lengths at 7 days after inoculation were 3.50, 3.47, 3.42, 3.37, and 3.25 cm, respectively. Meanwhile, disease severity was recorded at 26.5%, 24.5%, 23.5%, 23%, and 23% for each respective treatment. Based on these results, none of the Chromolaena odorata leaf extract concentrations applied in this study were effective in controlling anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp.) on red chili fruit during storage. Therefore, further testing using higher concentration levels is required to achieve optimal effectiveness.