Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Cerita rakyat Aceh merupakan bagian dari EBT yang dilindungi secara hukum melalui Pasal 38 UUHC, Pasal 40 ayat (1) huruf o dan q UUHC serta PP KIK sebagai salah satu aturan pelaksana dari UUHC yang menempatkan negara sebagai pemegang hak cipta atas EBT dengan mewajibkan inventarisasi, penjagaan, dan pemeliharaannya, termasuk pengaturan izin dan pembagian manfaat dalam pemanfaatan secara digital. Pemanfaat EBT dalam ruang digital juga dilindungi melalui Pasal 25 UU ITE yang secara implisit mengakui bahwa transformasi EBT menjadi animasi dilindungi sebagai HKI. Dalam kenyataannya, cerita rakyat Aceh justru banyak dimanfaatkan secara komersial melalui praktik monetisasidalam bentuk konten digital animasi di platform YouTube. Fenomena ini dilatarbelakangi akibat ketiadaan mekanisme izin yang jelas, tata cara pembagian manfaat kepada masyarakat atau komunitas adat, serta tanpa inventarisasi yang memadai. Kesenjangan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pelindungan hukum terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh sebagai EBT di ruang digital masih belum berjalan secara efektif.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untk menganalisis pelindungan terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh sebagai bagian dari EBT dalam perspektif UUHC, menganalisis kendala normatif dan implementatif dalam pelindungan dan penegakan hukum terhadap pemanfaatan komersial cerita rakyat Aceh melalui platform YouTube, serta menganalisis dan merekomendasikan bentuk pelindungan hukum terhadap terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh yang dikomersialisasikan tanpa izin melalui platform YouTube.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji norma hukum positif. Data penelitian melalui penelitian kepustakaan didukung penelitian lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis, pendekatan undang-undang, serta pendekatan perbandingan. Cara analisis data secara kualitatif menggunakan analisis deskriptif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelindungan hukum terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh melalui UUHC dan PP KIK belum memadai, karena belum diatur secara konkret mekanisme izin dan pembagian manfaat (benefit sharing) dalam pemanfaatan komersial melalui platform YouTube. Selain itu, perbedaan rezim hukum antara UUHC dan UU Pemajuan Kebudayaan, lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, serta rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat turut menyebabkan pelindungan hukum terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh belum berjalan secara efektif.

Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa bentuk pelindungan hukum yang tepat terhadap cerita rakyat Aceh yang dikomersialisasikan tanpa izin melalui platform YouTube harus dilakukan melalui inventarisasi terpadu, penguatan mekanisme izin dan pembagian manfaat, peningkatan literasi hukum, penguatan koordinasi antarinstansi, serta pembentukan regulasi sui generis yang secara khusus mengatur dalam konteks digital. Dengan demikian, pelindungan cerita rakyat Aceh di platform YouTube diharapkan dapat terwujud secara lebih adil, efektif dan berkelanjutan.

Abstract—Acehnese folklore constitutes part of Indonesia's Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) and is legally protected under Article 38, Article 40 paragraph (1) letters (o) and (q) of the Copyright Law (Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright), as well as Government Regulation concerning Intellectual Property-Based Financing (PP KIK) as one of the implementing regulations of the Copyright Law. These legal instruments designate the State as the copyright holder of TCEs and require their inventory, safeguarding, preservation, as well as the regulation of licensing and benefit-sharing in their digital utilization. The digital exploitation of TCEs is further protected under Article 25 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), which implicitly recognizes that the transformation of TCEs into animated works constitutes intellectual property subject to legal protection. In practice, however, Acehnese folklore has been extensively commercialized through the monetization of animated digital content on the YouTube platform. This phenomenon is largely attributable to the absence of a clear licensing mechanism, the lack of a benefit-sharing framework for indigenous communities or local cultural custodians, and the absence of a comprehensive inventory system. These deficiencies demonstrate that the legal protection of Acehnese folklore as a TCE in the digital environment has not yet been effectively implemented. This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to Acehnese folklore as a form of TCE from the perspective of the Copyright Law, to examine the normative and practical challenges in the protection and enforcement of law against the commercial exploitation of Acehnese folklore through the YouTube platform, and to formulate recommendations for an appropriate legal protection framework for Acehnese folklore that is commercially exploited without authorization via YouTube. This research employs a normative juridical research method by examining positive legal norms. The research data were obtained primarily through library research and supported by field research. The study adopts statutory, analytical, and comparative approaches, while the data are analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive analytical method. The findings indicate that the legal protection of Acehnese folklore under the Copyright Law and the relevant Government Regulation remains inadequate, as neither provides a concrete legal framework governing licensing procedures and benefit-sharing mechanisms for commercial exploitation through YouTube. Furthermore, inconsistencies between the legal regimes established under the Copyright Law and the Law on the Advancement of Culture, weak inter-agency coordination, and limited public legal awareness have further undermined the effective protection of Acehnese folklore. This study recommends that effective legal protection for Acehnese folklore commercially exploited without authorization on the YouTube platform should be achieved through an integrated inventory system, strengthened licensing and benefit-sharing mechanisms, enhanced public legal literacy, improved inter-agency coordination, and the enactment of a sui generis legal framework specifically governing the digital utilization of Traditional Cultural Expressions. Such measures are expected to ensure that the legal protection of Acehnese folklore on the YouTube platform is implemented in a more equitable, effective, and sustainable manner.