Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Anak di lingkungan pesantren berhak atas perlindungan dari segala bentuk kekerasan, termasuk kekerasan psikis (psychological violence), sebagaimana diamanatkan Pasal 19 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Indonesia telah meratifikasi CRC melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 1990 dan mengimplementasikannya ke dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, sehingga terikat kewajiban pacta sunt servanda untuk melaksanakannya dengan itikad baik. Namun, praktik di lapangan menunjukkan kondisi yang berlawanan: data Kementerian PPPA melalui Sistem Informasi Gender dan Anak (SIGA) mencatat kasus kekerasan psikis terhadap anak di Aceh meningkat dari 186 kasus pada 2020 menjadi 233 kasus pada 2024, dengan Aceh menempati posisi tertinggi se-Sumatra periode 2022–2024, sementara kasus di Pesantren Babul Maghfirah pada 2025 turut menjadi sorotan publik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan DP3A Aceh, Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Aceh, pengelola pesantren, dan psikolog anak, serta
studi kepustakaan, dianalisis menggunakan teori psycho-legal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif Indonesia telah memiliki instrumen hukum yang memadai, namun implementasinya masih bersifat
administratif dan belum mencapai perlindungan substantif. Kendala yang ditemukan bersifat multidimensional: fragmentasi kelembagaan antara DP3A, Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Aceh, dan Kementerian Agama/kepolisian yang tidak satu pun memiliki otoritas pengawasan penuh; kekosongan norma dalam Qanun Aceh
Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Pendidikan Dayah; dominannya budaya hukum kekeluargaan yang diperkuat nilai kepatuhan mutlak (sami'na wa atho'na); rendahnya literasi mengenai batas antara pendisiplinan dan kekerasan psikis; serta rendahnya tingkat pelaporan akibat rasa takut dan stigma. Disarankan agar DP3A dan Dinas Pendidikan Dayah Aceh membangun sistem rujukan yang permanen, serta mendorong penguatan regulasi turunan yang secara eksplisit mengatur pencegahan kekerasan psikis di dayah. Penyelenggara
pesantren perlu menyusun kebijakan internal berbasis hak anak, dengan perlindungan yang dibangun dari dalam tradisi keislaman melalui prinsip hifdz annafs dan hifdz al-'aql dalam maqashid syariah.

Children in Islamic boarding schools have the right to protection from all forms of violence, including psychological violence, as mandated by Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Indonesia has ratified the CRC through Presidential Decree Number 36 of 1990 and implemented it in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, thus being bound by the pacta sunt servanda obligation to implement it in good faith. However, practice in the field shows the opposite condition: data from the Ministry of PPPA through the Gender and Child Information System (SIGA) recorded cases of psychological violence against children in Aceh increased from 186 cases in 2020 to 233 cases in 2024, with Aceh ranking the highest in Sumatra for the 2022–2024 period, while the case at the Babul Maghfirah Islamic Boarding School in 2025 also attracted public attention. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research with a qualitative approach. Data obtained through interviews with the Aceh DP3A (Regional Leadership Development Agency), the Aceh Dayah Education Office, Islamic boarding school administrators, and child psychologists, as well as literature review, were analyzed using psycho-legal theory. The results indicate that Indonesia has adequate legal instruments, but their implementation remains administrative and has not yet achieved substantive protection. The identified obstacles are multidimensional: institutional fragmentation between the DP3A, the Aceh Dayah Education Office, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs/police, none of which has full oversight authority; a lack of norms in Aceh Qanun No. 9 of 2018 concerning Dayah Education; the dominance of a family-based legal culture reinforced by the value of absolute obedience (sami'na wa atho'na); low literacy regarding the boundaries between discipline and psychological violence; and low reporting rates due to fear and stigma. It is recommended that the DP3A and the Aceh Dayah Education Office establish a permanent referral system and encourage the strengthening of derivative regulations that explicitly regulate the prevention of psychological violence in Islamic boarding schools. Islamic boarding school administrators need to develop internal policies based on children's rights, with protection built from within Islamic tradition through the principles of hifdz annafs and hifdz al-'aql within the maqashid sharia.