Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Secara normatif, tindak pidana Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Gender Online telah diatur dalam Pasal 27 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 45 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik yang melarang pendistribusian, transmisi, atau membuat dapat diaksesnya informasi elektronik bermuatan yang melanggar kesusilaan beserta sanksi pidananya. Selain itu, Pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual mengenai pelecehan seksual nonfisik dan Pasal 14 mengenai kekerasan seksual berbasis elektronik, memberikan pengaturan yang lebih khusus serta menjamin perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak korban. Namun, dalam praktiknya, penerapan ketentuan tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai kendala sehingga penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku KBGO belum terlaksana secara optimal.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual berbasis gender online, kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana tersebut, serta upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala dalam penegakan hukum.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, kemudian pengolahan data dilakukan secara deskriptif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim menjatuhkan pidana dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kerugian yang dialami korban, akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh perbuatan pelaku, pola pelaksanaan tindak pidana, serta keadaan yang menyertai terjadinya peristiwa tersebut. Hambatan penegakan hukum lebih banyak ditemukan pada tahap awal penanganan perkara, yaitu pada proses penerimaan laporan, penyelidikan, dan penyidikan oleh Kepolisian, khususnya dalam pengumpulan alat bukti digital yang membutuhkan ketelitian dan kecepatan mengingat adanya kemungkinan penghapusan data elektronik serta keterlambatan pelaporan oleh korban akibat faktor psikologis. Meskipun demikian, pada perkara yang diteliti, alat bukti yang tersedia tetap memenuhi ketentuan pembuktian sehingga proses hukum dapat berlanjut hingga tahap penuntutan oleh Kejaksaan dan pemeriksaan di persidangan. Upaya yang dilakukan meliputi penguatan koordinasi antara Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Pengadilan, pemanfaatan alat bukti petunjuk, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia dan teknologi, serta pemberian pendampingan kepada korban.

Disarankan adanya penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, penyusunan kebijakan yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan kejahatan berbasis teknologi, serta peningkatan sistem perlindungan korban guna mewujudkan penegakan hukum yang lebih efektif terhadap tindak pidana Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Gender Online.

Normatively, the criminal offense of Online Gender-Based Sexual Violence (OGBSV) is regulated under Article 27 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, which prohibit the distribution, transmission, or making accessible of electronic information containing content that violates decency, along with the corresponding criminal sanctions. Furthermore, Article 5 of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes, which governs non-physical sexual harassment, and Article 14 concerning electronic-based sexual violence, provide more specific legal provisions while ensuring the protection and fulfillment of victims’ rights. Nevertheless, in practice, the implementation of these provisions continues to encounter various obstacles, resulting in the suboptimal enforcement of the law against perpetrators of OGBSV. This study aims to examine the judicial considerations underlying the imposition of criminal sanctions on perpetrators of Online Gender-Based Sexual Violence, the obstacles encountered in the law enforcement process, and the measures undertaken to address such challenges. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews and library research, and subsequently analyzed using a descriptive method. The findings indicate that judges impose criminal sanctions by considering the extent of harm suffered by the victim, the consequences arising from the perpetrator’s conduct, the pattern and manner in which the offense was committed, and the circumstances surrounding the occurrence of the crime. The principal obstacles to law enforcement are predominantly encountered during the initial stages of case handling, namely the reporting, preliminary investigation, and formal investigation processes conducted by the Police. These challenges are particularly evident in the collection of digital evidence, which requires both accuracy and promptness due to the risk of electronic data deletion and delays in reporting by victims resulting from psychological factors. Nevertheless, in the case examined, the available evidence satisfied the applicable evidentiary requirements, enabling the legal process to proceed to the prosecution stage before the Public Prosecutor’s Office and subsequently to judicial examination before the court. Efforts undertaken to address these challenges include strengthening coordination among the Police, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and the Courts, utilizing circumstantial and indicative evidence, enhancing human resource capacity and technological capabilities, and providing assistance and support services to victims. The study recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement authorities, formulating policies that are adaptive to the evolving nature of technology-based crimes, and improving victim protection mechanisms in order to achieve more effective law enforcement against Online Gender-Based Sexual Violence.