Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang banyak digunakan dalam industri parfum, kosmetik, dan aromaterapi. Indonesia sebagai produsen utama minyak nilam dunia menghadapi tantangan dalam ketersediaan bibit bermutu dan seragam. Karena perbanyakan konvensional sering menghasilkan bibit tidak seragam dan rentan penyakit, kultur jaringan menjadi solusi alternatif untuk perbanyakan cepat dan bebas patogen. Keberhasilan induksi tunas dalam kultur jaringan dipengaruhi oleh zat pengatur tumbuh, terutama sitokinin BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine), serta faktor lingkungan seperti cahaya. Penggunaan lampu LED (Light Emitting Diode) menawarkan efisiensi energi tinggi dan spektrum cahaya yang dapat diatur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi BAP dan warna LED serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut terhadap induksi pucuk tanaman nilam Tapak Tuan secara kultur jaringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Departemen Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh dari bulan Desember 2025 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2026. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 4×3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5 mg L⁻¹) dan faktor kedua adalah warna cahaya LED (merah, biru, dan putih). Eksplan yang digunakan adalah pucuk nilam varietas Tapak Tuan yang ditanam pada media MS. Peubah yang diamati meliputi persentase hidup eksplan, persentase kontaminasi, persentase muncul tunas, waktu muncul tunas, tinggi eksplan, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, dan persentase pembentukan kalus selama 12 minggu setelah induksi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi BAP berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi eksplan dan jumlah daun, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu muncul tunas. Tinggi eksplan terbaik dijumpai pada konsentrasi BAP 0,5 mg L-1 (5,33 cm), Jumlah daun terbanyak (5,92 helai), dan waktu muncul tunas tercepat (12,00 hari). Perlakuan warna LED berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, dan waktu muncul tunas tercepat (12,35 hari). Tidak terdapat interaksi antara konsentrasi BAP dan warna LED pada seluruh parameter yang diamati.

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is a plantation commodity producing high-economic-value essential oil widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, and aromatherapy industries. Indonesia, as the world's main producer of patchouli oil, faces challenges in the availability of high-quality and uniform seedlings. Since conventional propagation often produces non-uniform seedlings that are susceptible to disease, tissue culture becomes an alternative solution for rapid and pathogen-free propagation. The success of shoot induction in tissue culture is influenced by plant growth regulators, especially the cytokinin BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine), as well as environmental factors such as light. The use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps offers high energy efficiency and an adjustable light spectrum. This study aimed to determine the effect of BAP concentration and LED color, as well as the interaction between both factors, on shoot induction of Tapak Tuan patchouli plants in tissue culture. The research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from December 2025 to May 2026. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design with a 4×3 factorial pattern and 5 replications. The first factor was BAP concentration (0; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mg L⁻¹) and the second factor was LED light color (red, blue, and white). The explants used were shoot tips of Tapak Tuan patchouli variety cultured on MS medium. Observed variables included explant survival percentage, contamination percentage, shoot emergence percentage, time to shoot emergence, explant height, number of leaves, number of roots, and callus formation percentage during 12 weeks after induction. Data were analyzed using F-test and continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level. The results showed that BAP concentration had a highly significant effect on explant height and number of leaves, and a significant effect on time to shoot emergence. The best explant height was found at BAP concentration of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ (5.33 cm), the highest number of leaves (5.92 leaves), and the fastest time to shoot emergence (12.00 days). LED color treatment significantly affected the number of leaves, and the fastest time to shoot emergence (12.35 days). There was no interaction between BAP concentration and LED color on all observed parameters.