Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAKPolikaprolakton (PCL) merupakan polimer biodegradable yang memiliki fleksibilitas, kemampuan proses, dan suhu leleh rendah sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai material filamen pencetakan tiga dimensi. Namun, PCL memiliki beberapa keterbatasan, antara lain harga relatif tinggi, laju degradasi yang lambat, dan sifat hidrofobik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan filamen berbasis material hibrid PCL dan pati umbi Janeng (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) sebagai sumber biomaterial nonpangan, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh anhidrida maleat (MAH) dan glisidil metakrilat (GMA) sebagai compatibilizer. Pati Janeng dipreparasi melalui pencucian, penggilingan, filtrasi, pengendapan, pengeringan pada suhu 70 °C, dan pengayakan hingga ukuran 100 mesh. Filamen diformulasikan menggunakan pati Janeng sebesar 1, 5, dan 9% serta MAH dan GMA masing-masing sebesar 5 dan 15%. Campuran diproses melalui ekstrusi pada suhu 80 °C dengan diameter filamen yang ditargetkan sebesar 1,75 mm. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, SEM, XRD, pengujian kuat tarik dan elongasi, TGA, DSC, dan melt flow rate (MFR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pati Janeng memiliki kadar air 16,83% dan morfologi partikel tidak beraturan dengan ukuran sekitar 2 µm. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya interaksi antara gugus hidroksil pati dan gugus karbonil PCL. Penambahan compatibilizer meningkatkan interaksi antarmuka, reorganisasi struktur kristalin, dan stabilitas termal filamen. Formulasi PCL-g-MAH5-JS menghasilkan kuat tarik tertinggi sebesar 40,0 MPa, tetapi memiliki elongasi rendah sebesar 3,52%, sedangkan PCL-g-GMA15-JS menghasilkan elongasi sebesar 25%. Nilai suhu awal degradasi meningkat hingga 498,01 °C pada sistem yang mengandung MAH 5%. Penambahan pati menurunkan nilai MFR dari 6,71 g/10 menit pada PCL murni menjadi 0,31–0,47 g/10 menit. Filamen berhasil dicetak menggunakan metode Fused Deposition Modeling pada suhu nosel 90–100 °C tanpa pemanas alas dan menghasilkan prototipe kubus dengan pola infill heksagonal yang relatif homogen, adhesi antarlapisan yang baik, serta tanpa delaminasi. Secara keseluruhan, pati Janeng berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan lokal terbarukan dalam pengembangan filamen hibrid PCL, dengan MAH memberikan pengaruh kompatibilisasi yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan GMA. Pengujian biodegradasi dan biokompatibilitas lebih lanjut diperlukan sebelum material diterapkan untuk kebutuhan bioprinting.
Kata kunci: pati Janeng, polikaprolakton, filamen 3D, compatibilizer, Fused Deposition Modeling.

ABSTRACT Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer with good flexibility, processability, and a low melting temperature, making it a promising material for three-dimensional printing filaments. However, PCL has several limitations, including its relatively high cost, slow degradation rate, and hydrophobic nature. This study aimed to develop a hybrid filament composed of PCL and Janeng tuber starch (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) as a non-food biomaterial source and to evaluate the effects of maleic anhydride (MAH) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as compatibilizers. Janeng starch was prepared through washing, grinding, filtration, sedimentation, drying at 70 °C, and sieving to a particle size of 100 mesh. The filaments were formulated with Janeng starch concentrations of 1, 5, and 9%, while MAH and GMA were incorporated at concentrations of 5 and 15%. The mixtures were processed by extrusion at 80 °C to produce filaments with a target diameter of 1.75 mm. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, tensile strength and elongation tests, TGA, DSC, and melt flow rate measurements. The results showed that Janeng starch had a moisture content of 16.83% and irregularly shaped particles with an approximate size of 2 µm. FTIR analysis indicated interactions between the hydroxyl groups of Janeng starch and the carbonyl groups of PCL. The addition of compatibilizers improved interfacial interactions, partially reorganized the crystalline structure, and enhanced the thermal stability of the filaments. The PCL-g-MAH5-JS formulation exhibited the highest tensile strength of 40.0 MPa but a low elongation of 3.52%, whereas PCL-g-GMA15-JS showed an elongation of 25%. The initial degradation temperature increased to 498.01 °C in the system containing 5% MAH. The incorporation of Janeng starch reduced the melt flow rate from 6.71 g/10 min for neat PCL to 0.31–0.47 g/10 min. The developed filament was successfully printed using Fused Deposition Modeling at a nozzle temperature of 90–100 °C without a heated bed. The printed cube prototype exhibited a relatively homogeneous hexagonal infill pattern, good interlayer adhesion, and no delamination. Overall, Janeng starch has potential as a renewable local resource for the development of PCL-based hybrid filaments, with MAH providing a more significant compatibilizing effect than GMA. Further biodegradation and biocompatibility assessments are required before the material can be applied in bioprinting applications.Keywords: Janeng starch, polycaprolactone, 3D filament, compatibilizer, Fused Deposition Modeling.