Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis CaO termodifikasi Na dari limbah kotoran ayam serta uji aktivitas katalitiknya pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak RBDPO menjadi biodiesel. Karakter fisikokimia dari katalis oksida anorganik berbasis CaO yang diperoleh diinvestigasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Data difragtogram XRD dan spektra FTIR menunjukkan bahwa partikel kotoran ayam tanpa kalsinasi, partikel setelah kalsinasi, dan partikel oksida anorganik kotoran ayam termodifikasi yang dihasilkan mengandung kalsium oksida (CaO) dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) sebagai komponen kimia utama. Karakterisasi SEM-EDS mengindikasikan bahwa proses modifikasi oksida anorganik berbasis CaO menyebabkan perubahan morfologi permukaan dari oksida anorganik yang dihasilkan, yang secara kimia mengandung unsur utama yaitu Ca, P, O, C, dan Si. Perhitungan ukuran kristalit menggunakan persamaan Debye-Scherrer menunjukkan proses kalsinasidan modifikasi telah berdampak terhadap penurunan ukuran kristalit yang dihasilkan yang berukuran 40,135 nm sebelum kalsinasi menjadi 39,765 nm setelah kalsinasi, dan menjadi semakin kecil 23,249 nm setelah impregnasi. Katalis termodifikasi Na yang dihasilkan telah diaplikasikan pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak Refined Blanched Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) dengan metanol menjadi biodiesel, di mana yield biodiesel yang masing-masing sebesar 85,81% katalis oksida anorganik hasil kalsinasi dan 89,99% untuk katalis oksida anorganik termodifikasi Na. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses impregnasi meningkatkan kinerja katalis, di mana biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan asam, massa jenis serta viskositas sesuai persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7182:2024.

Kata kunci: Kotoran ayam, oksida anorganik berbasis CaO, transesterifikasi, biodiesel

This study aims to synthesize and characterize Na-modified CaO catalyst from chicken manure waste and study of its catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction of RBDPO oil into biodiesel. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained CaO-based inorganic oxide catalyst were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Based on the XRD diffraction and FTIR spectra showed that the uncalcined chicken manure particles, calcined particles, and the Na modified inorganic oxide particles containing calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the main chemical components. SEM-EDS characterization showed that modification of CaO-based inorganic oxide particles changed their surface morphology of the inorganic oxide particles, which chemically contained Ca, P, O, C, and Si as the main elements. The calculation of crystalline size was using the Debye-Scherrer equation showed that the calcination and modification processes had impacted on reducing the size of the resulted crystallites in which were 40.135 nm before calcination to 39.765 nm after calcination process and its became smaller of 23.249 nm after impregnation. The Na-modified catalyst obtained in this experiment had been applied to the transesterification reaction of Refined Blanched Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) resulting biodiesel yield were 85.81% for the calcined inorganic oxide catalyst and 89.99% for the Na-modified inorganic oxide catalyst, respectively. This obtained biodiesel has an acid number, density and viscosity according to the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7182:2024. Keywords: Chicken manure, CaO-based inorganic oxide, transesterification, biodiesel