Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) merupakan mikroorganisme tanah yang membentuk hubungan simbiosis mutualisme dengan akar tanaman serta berperan penting dalam meningkatkan penyerapan unsur hara, ketersediaan air dan ketahanan tanaman terhadap cekaman lingkungan sehingga berpotensi sebagai agen hayati untuk mendukung produktivitas tanaman termasuk kopi Arabika. Informasi tentang keberadaan dan keanekaragaman FMA pada perkebunan kopi Arabika di Kabupaten Bener Meriah masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu penelitian, ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer kopi Arabika.
Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Mesidah dan Kecamatan Bukit, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Sampel tanah diambil dari rizosfer kopi Arabika umur 6–7 tahun pada kedalaman 0–20 cm sebanyak 30 titik dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sifat kimia tanah yang diamati adalah pH (Elektrometrik), C-organik (Walkey and Black), N-total (Kjeldahl), P-tersedia (Bray II), K-dd (Ekstraksi1 N NH4OAc, pH 7), KTK (Ekstraksi1 N NH4OAc, pH 7). Isolasi spora FMA menggunakan metode wet sieving dan sentrifugasi, identifikasi morfologi spora FMA menggunakan metode identifikasi morfologi, indeks keanekaragaman FMA ditentukan menurut Shannon-Wiener.
Hasil penelitian diperoleh 2.951 spora FMA rizosfer kopi Arabika dengan spora berkisar antara 13–120 spora per 50 g tanah. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat 6 genus yaitu Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Entrosphospora, Rococetra dengan Glomus merupakan genus yang paling dominan. Sebanyak 11 spesies FMA yaitu G.maculosum, G. ambisporum, G. clavispora, G. multicaule, A. colombiana, A. koskei, A. tuberculata, Gi. margarita, Sc. aurigloba, En. infrequens, Ro. coralloidea. Spesies FMA dengan kerapatan tertinggi adalah G.ambisporum (21,1%). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer kopi Arabika tergolong sedang, dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener sebesar 2,10.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are soil microorganisms that form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with plant roots and play an important role in enhancing nutrient uptake, water availability, and plant resistance to environmental stress, making them potential biological agents to support crop productivity, including Arabica coffee. Information about the presence and diversity of AMF in Arabica coffee plantations in Bener Meriah Regency is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the presence and diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of Arabica coffee. The research was conducted in Mesidah District and Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency. Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of 6–7-year-old Arabica coffee at a depth of 0–20 cm from 30 points using a purposive sampling method. The observed chemical properties of the soil were pH (Electrometric), organic C (Walkley and Black), total N (Kjeldahl), available P (Bray II), exchangeable K (1 N NH4OAc extraction, pH 7), and CEC (1 N NH4OAc extraction, pH 7). FMA spores were isolated using the wet sieving and centrifugation method, and FMA spore morphology was identified using the morphological identification method. The FMA diversity index was determined according to Shannon-Wiener. The study found 2,951 FMA spores in the rhizosphere of Arabica coffee, with spore counts ranging from 13–120 spores per 50 g of soil. Identification results showed 6 genera: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Entrophospora, Rococetra, with Glomus being the most dominant genus. There were 11 FMA species, namely G. maculosum, G. ambisporum, G. clavispora, G. multicaule, A. colombiana, A. koskei, A. tuberculata, Gi. margarita, Sc. aurigloba, En. infrequens, and Ro. coralloidea. The FMA species with the highest density is G. ambisporum (21.1%). The diversity index of FMA in the rhizosphere of Arabica coffee is considered moderate, with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index value of 2.10.