Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peningkatan populasi penduduk mendorong tingginya permintaan protein hewani peternakan sekaligus meningkatkan timbunan sampah organik yang memicu pencemaran lingkungan. Di sisi lain, manajemen biosekuriti peternakan intensif masih bergantung pada disinfektan kimia komersial yang mahal dan berisiko memicu resistensi mikroba patogen kandang serta meninggalkan residu berbahaya. Pembuatan eco-enzyme berbasis limbah kulit buah hadir sebagai solusi alternatif sediaan biosanitasi alami yang murah dan ramah lingkungan. Namun, penelitian terdahulu umumnya masih bersifat parsial dan belum mengintegrasikan karakteristik fisikokimia dengan aspek mikrobiologi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik eco-enzyme secara komprehensif guna mengevaluasi standarisasi mutunya sebelum diaplikasikan pada lingkungan peternakan.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari–Februari 2026 di Laboratorium Departemen Peternakan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengarakterisasi satu batch fermentasi eco-enzyme dengan rasio 1:3:10 (molase, limbah organik, air) yang difermentasi secara anaerob selama 90 hari. Parameter yang diukur meliputi nilai pH menggunakan pH meter digital, karakteristik fisik warna dan bau melalui uji organoleptik oleh 37 panelis, serta aspek mikrobiologi melalui metode Total Plate Count (TPC) pada media Plate Count Agar (PCA) dan de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) dengan pengenceran bertingkat (10ˉ⁴–10ˉ⁶). Pengukuran pH dan TPC dilakukan menggunakan metode duplo (n=2) sebagai penapisan awal kehomogenan produk, lalu seluruh data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan nilai rata-rata.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk eco-enzyme memiliki karakteristik mutu yang sangat baik dan memenuhi standar keberhasilan fermentasi sediaan matang. Nilai pH produk sangat stabil pada rata-rata 3,43 (rentang 3,42–3,44), memenuhi standar mutu pH < 4,0. Pada pengenceran valid 10ˉ⁵, populasi mikroba didominasi murni oleh Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) fungsional dengan total koloni pada media selektif MRSA mencapai 1,29 x 10ˉ⁷ CFU/mL, lebih tinggi daripada media umum PCA (6,6 x 10ˉ⁶ CFU/mL), membuktikan produk bebas kontaminasi bakteri pembusuk. Uji organoleptik menghasilkan rata-rata skor warna 2,73 (kategori cokelat muda) dan skor bau 3,00 (kategori asam fermentasi). Karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi ini menegaskan bahwa produk ini sangat layak dan potensial diaplikasikan sebagai agen biosanitasi kandang peternakan yang efektif, ekonomis, dan aman.

The growing human population drives a high demand for livestock-based animal protein while simultaneously increasing organic waste accumulation, which triggers environmental pollution. On the other hand, biosecurity management in intensive livestock farming still relies heavily on commercial chemical disinfectants that are expensive, risk inducing resistance in barn pathogens, and leave harmful residues. The production of fruit peel-based eco-enzyme offers an alternative solution for a low-cost and eco-friendly natural biosanitation agent. However, previous studies have generally been partial and have not integrated physicochemical characteristics with microbiological aspects. Therefore, this study was conducted to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of eco-enzyme to evaluate its quality standardization before application in livestock environments. This research was conducted from January to February 2026 at the Laboratories of the Department of Animal Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala. A descriptive quantitative method was employed to characterize a single batch of eco-enzyme fermentation with a 1:3:10 ratio (molasses, organic waste, and water) fermented anaerobically for 90 days. Measured parameters included pH value using a digital pH meter, physical characteristics (color and odor) via organoleptic testing by 37 panelists, and microbiological aspects using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method on Plate Count Agar (PCA) and de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) media with serial dilutions (10ˉ⁴ to 10ˉ⁶). The pH and TPC measurements were performed in duplicate (n=2) as an initial screening for product homogeneity, and all data were descriptively analyzed using mean values. The results showed that the eco-enzyme product possessed excellent quality characteristics and met the success standards for mature fermentation. The pH value was highly stable with an average of 3.43 (range of 3.42–3.44), satisfying the quality standard of pH < 4.0. At the valid 10ˉ⁵ dilution, the microbial population was purely dominated by functional Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with the total count on the selective MRSA medium reaching 1.29 x 10⁷ CFU/mL, which was higher than the general PCA medium (6.6 x 10⁶ CFU/mL), proving the product was free from spoilage bacteria contamination. The organoleptic test yielded an average color score of 2.73 (light brown category) and an odor score of 3.00 (fermented sour category). These physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics confirm that this product is highly viable and holds significant potential for application as an effective, economical, and safe biosanitation agent for livestock barns.