Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.) merupakan gulma yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas tanaman budidaya. Penggunaan herbisida sintetis secara terus-menerus berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dan resistensi gulma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak metanol dari beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada November 2025 – Januari 2026 di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma, Laboratorium Farmakologi, Laboratorium Kimia Organik dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 18 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas aquades (kontrol negatif), 2,4-D 0,686 kg b.a. ha-1 (kontrol positif), ekstrak metanol kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata), alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), teki (Cyperus rotundus) dan paitan (Axonopus compressus) pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak metanol beberapa jenis gulma berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi gulma, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot kering dan persentase pengendalian gulma bayam duri. Ekstrak metanol kirinyuh dan paitan konsentrasi 15% merupakan perlakuan paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri dengan persentase pengendalian mencapai (100,00%) pada 14 HSA, diikuti dengan ekstrak alang-alang konsentrasi 15% dengan persentase pengendalian (83,33%) dan teki dengan persentase pengendalian (70,00%). Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa seluruh ekstrak mengandung senyawa fenolik sedangkan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, steroid dan tanin hanya ditemukan pada beberapa jenis gulma.

Spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) is a weed that can reduce the productivity of cultivated plants. Continuous use of synthetic herbicides has the potential to cause environmental pollution and weed resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of methanol extracts of several types of weeds on the growth of spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.). The study was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026 at the Weed Science Laboratory, Pharmacology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Laboratory and Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 18 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of distilled water (negative control), 2,4-D 0.686 kg b.a. ha-1 (positive control), methanol extract of kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata), Imperata cylindrica (Imperata cylindrica), Cyperus rotundus, and Axonopus compressus at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that the application of methanol extracts of several types of weeds had a very significant effect on weed height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and percentage of control of thorny weeds. Methanol extracts of kirinyuh and paitan at a concentration of 15% were the most effective treatment in inhibiting the growth of thorny amaranth with a control percentage of 100.00% at 14 HSA, followed by cogongrass extract at a concentration of 15% with a control percentage of 83.33% and teki with a control percentage of 70.00%. The results of phytochemical tests showed that all extracts contained phenolic compounds, while alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins were only found in several types of weeds.