Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tindak pidana perdagangan orang (TPPO) merupakan kejahatan yang melanggar hak asasi manusia dan diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap korban, Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 mengatur bahwa korban yang melakukan tindak pidana karena dipaksa oleh pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang, tidak dipidana (prinsip non-punishment of victims). Namun dalam praktiknya, perempuan korban trafficking tidak hanya mengalami eksploitasi, tetapi juga kerap dipaksa melakukan tindak pidana sehingga menimbulkan persoalan dalam penerapan hukum pidana terhadap korban. Kondisi tersebut masih ditemukan di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Kota Banda Aceh, sehingga diperlukan penerapan hukum pidana yang mampu memberikan perlindungan hukum secara efektif terhadap perempuan korban trafficking.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penerapan hukum pidana terhadap kasus perempuan korban trafficking yang dipaksa melakukan tindak pidana, hambatan dalam penerapannya, serta upaya optimalisasi penerapan hukum pidana terhadap kasus perempuan korban trafficking yang dipaksa melakukan tindak pidana.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data primer berupa hasil wawancara dengan responden dan informan, serta data sekunder berupa literatur kepustakaan, mencakup buku, jurnal, dan peraturan perundang-undangan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyidik melakukan identifikasi terhadap unsur paksaan, eksploitasi, dan kondisi psikologis korban sebelum menentukan status hukumnya. Namun, dalam penerapannya masih menghadapi sejumlah hambatan, berupa kesulitan pembuktian unsur paksaan dan eksploitasi, keterbatasan alat bukti dalam perkara lintas daerah maupun lintas negara, serta belum optimalnya peningkatan kapasitas penyidik. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut, Polresta Banda Aceh melakukan penguatan identifikasi korban, memperkuat koordinasi dengan instansi terkait, serta meningkatkan pelatihan khusus bagi penyidik dalam penanganan tindak pidana perdagangan orang.

Disarankan meningkatkan kapasitas pelatihan khusus bagi penyidik, memperkuat koordinasi antarinstansi untuk mendukung pembuktian dan perlindungan korban, serta meningkatkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat agar memiliki keberanian untuk melaporkan dugaan tindak pidana perdagangan orang.

Human trafficking constitutes a serious criminal offense that violates fundamental human rights and is governed by Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Criminal Offense of Human Trafficking. As a form of legal protection for victims, Article 18 of Law Number 21 of 2007 stipulates that victims who commit criminal offenses as a result of coercion by perpetrators of human trafficking shall not be held criminally liable (the non-punishment principle for victims). In practice, however, female victims of trafficking are often subjected not only to exploitation but also to coercion into committing criminal offenses, thereby creating significant challenges in the application of criminal law to victims. Such circumstances continue to occur within the jurisdiction of the Banda Aceh Municipal Police (Polresta Banda Aceh), underscoring the need for the effective application of criminal law to ensure adequate legal protection for female victims of trafficking. This study aims to examine the application of criminal law to cases involving female trafficking victims who are coerced into committing criminal offenses, to identify the obstacles encountered in its implementation, and to analyze measures for optimizing the application of criminal law in such cases. This research employs an empirical juridical (empirical legal) research method. The research data consist of primary data obtained through interviews with respondents and informants, as well as secondary data derived from library research, including books, academic journals, and statutory regulations. The findings indicate that investigators assess the existence of coercion, exploitation, and the psychological condition of the victim before determining the victim's legal status. Nevertheless, the implementation of the law continues to face several obstacles, including difficulties in proving the elements of coercion and exploitation, limited evidentiary support in transregional and transnational cases, and the need to further strengthen investigators' professional capacity. To address these challenges, the Banda Aceh Municipal Police have enhanced victim identification procedures, strengthened coordination with relevant government agencies and institutions, and expanded specialized training programs for investigators handling human trafficking cases. Accordingly, it is recommended that specialized training for investigators be further enhanced, inter-agency coordination be strengthened to facilitate evidentiary processes and victim protection, and public legal awareness be increased to encourage individuals to report suspected cases of human trafficking.