Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Riski Fitria. (2026). Analisis dan Karakterisasi Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). "[Skripsi.Universitas Syiah Kuala]." Dibawah bimbingan Prof. Dr. Abdul Gani, M.Si., dan Dra. Erlidawati, M.Si.

Keterbatasan informasi mengenai karakteristik mutu minyak atsiri serai wangi asal Gayo Lues dan Saree menjadi hambatan dalam optimalisasi pemanfaatan dari tanaman serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) yang mempunyai potensi ekonomi yang cukup tinggi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri, namun karakteristik mutunya sering berbeda akibat perbedaan lokasi dan teknik penyulingan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis karakteristik fisikokimia dan komposisi senyawa kimia minyak atsiri serai wangi asal Gayo Lues dengan metode distilasi air dan Saree dengan metode penyulingan uap-air berdasarkan SNI 3953:2019. Hasil penelitian rendemen asal Gayo Lues dan Sare (1,833 dan 1,855), bobot jenis (0,883 dan 0,884), indeks bias (1,467 dan 1,472), bilangan asam (3,674 dan 1,694), asal Gayo Lues larut dalam etanol (jernih) dan asal Saree tidak larut dalam etanol. Analisis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) menunjukkan senyawa utama yaitu citronellal, citronellol, dan geraniol, asal Gayo Lues dengan persentase (60,71, 8,49 dan 22,48%), dan asal Saree (70,07, 10,67 dan 12,35%). Analisis fourier transform infrared (FTIR) menunjukkan gugus fungsi senyawa utama yaitu O-H, C=C dan C=O. Persentase nilai transmitan minyak atsiri serai wangi asal Gayo Lues dan Saree yaitu (45,88 dan 79,97%). Analisis warna dengan metode RGB, asal Gayo Lues (153, 155, 143) warna kuning kehijauan (lemongrass), dan Saree (150, 160, 137) warna kuning kehijauan (lemongrass). Hasil penilaian 30 panelis menunjukkan bau minyak atsiri asal Gayo Lues dan Saree dinilai 'khas jelas'. Kesimpulannya karakterisasi fisikokimia minyak atsiri serai wangi Asal Gayo Lues dan Saree telah memenuhi SNI 3953-2019, dengan minyak atsiri serai wangi asal Sare menunjukkan kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan asal Gayo Lues.
Kata Kunci: Serai Wangi, Minyak Atsiri, Karakterisasi Fisiko Kimia, GC-MS, FTIR

ABSTRACT Riski Fitria. (2026). Analysis and Characterization of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) Based on Cultivation Sites and Quality Standards. [Skripsi. Syiah Kuala University]. Under direction of Prof. Dr. Abdul Gani, M.Si., and Dra. Erlidawati, M.Si. Limited information regarding the quality characteristics of citronella essential oils from Gayo Lues and Saree is an obstacle in optimizing the utilization of citronella plants (Cymbopogon nardus) which have quite high economic potential as essential oil producers, but their quality characteristics often differ due to differences in location and distillation techniques. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and chemical composition of citronella essential oils from Gayo Lues with the water distillation method and Saree with the steam-water distillation method based on SNI 3953:2019. The results of the study showed that the yield of Gayo Lues and Saree oils were 1.833 and 1.855, specific gravity was 0.883 and 0.884, refractive index was 1.467 and 1.472, acid number was 3.674 and 1.694, Gayo Lues oil was soluble in ethanol (clear) and Saree oil was insoluble in ethanol. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed that the main compounds were citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, from Gayo Lues with percentages (60.71, 8.49 and 22.48%), and from Saree (70.07, 10.67 and 12.35%). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the main functional groups of the compounds were O-H, C=C and C=O. The percentage transmittance value of citronella essential oil from Gayo Lues and Saree was (45.88 and 79.97%). Color analysis using the RGB method, from Gayo Lues (153, 155, 143) greenish yellow (lemongrass), and Saree (150, 160, 137) greenish yellow (lemongrass). The results of the assessment by 30 panelists showed that the smell of essential oils from Gayo Lues and Saree was assessed as 'clearly distinctive'. In conclusion, the physicochemical characterization of citronella essential oils from Gayo Lues and Saree has fulfilled SNI 3953-2019, with citronella essential oil from Sare showing better quality than that from Gayo Lues. Keywords: Citronella, Essential Oil, Physicochemical Characterization, GC-MS, FTIR