Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pendapatan nelayan gillnet di Desa Alue Naga masih berfluktuasi dan diduga dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme penentuan harga jual ikan yang didominasi oleh toke bangku, sehingga berpotensi memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme penentuan harga jual ikan serta tingkat pendapatan nelayan gillnet di Desa Alue Naga, Kecamatan Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari–Maret 2026 dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling terhadap 35 orang nelayan gillnet dan 4 orang toke bangku. Data yang digunakan terdiri atas data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi, serta data sekunder yang berasal dari instansi terkait. Mekanisme penentuan harga jual ikan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan bagan alir (flowchart), sedangkan tingkat pendapatan nelayan dianalisis melalui perhitungan total biaya, total penerimaan, dan pendapatan bersih usaha penangkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penentuan harga jual ikan sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh toke bangku sebagai pengepul dan penjual pertama hasil tangkapan nelayan. Penetapan harga dipengaruhi oleh musim penangkapan, jumlah hasil tangkapan, kondisi pasar, jenis ikan, ukuran ikan, kualitas ikan, serta tingkat permintaan konsumen. Harga jual ikan tertinggi terjadi pada musim paceklik, yaitu berkisar antara Rp 40.000–Rp 70.000/kg, sedangkan harga terendah terjadi pada musim puncak, yaitu berkisar antara Rp 25.000–Rp 50.000/kg. Rata-rata total biaya usaha penangkapan nelayan mencapai Rp 51.772.688 per tahun dengan rata-rata penerimaan sebesar Rp 123.640.000 per tahun sehingga diperoleh rata-rata pendapatan bersih sebesar Rp 71.867.312 per tahun. Sistem bagi hasil yang diterapkan antara pemilik kapal dan anak buah kapal (ABK) adalah 60:40, dengan rata-rata pendapatan tahunan pemilik kapal sebesar Rp 43.120.387 dan ABK sebesar Rp 28.746.924. Secara umum, tingkat pendapatan nelayan gillnet masih berada di bawah Upah Minimum Kota (UMK) Banda Aceh Tahun 2026, sehingga kesejahteraan ekonomi nelayan masih perlu ditingkatkan.

Kata kunci: modal usaha penangkapan, musim penangkapan, nelayan gillnet, pendapatan nelayan, penentuan harga ikan

The income of gillnet fishermen in Alue Naga Village still fluctuates and is suspected to be influenced by the fish selling price determination mechanism dominated by the toke kursi (traders), thus potentially affecting the fishermen's welfare. Based on these conditions, this study aims to examine the mechanism for determining fish selling prices and the income level of gillnet fishermen in Alue Naga Village, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City. The study was conducted in February–March 2026 using a purposive sampling method with 35 gillnet fishermen and 4 toke kursi (traders). The data used consisted of primary data obtained through interviews, field observations, and documentation, as well as secondary data from relevant agencies. The mechanism for determining fish selling prices was analyzed descriptively using a flowchart, while the fishermen's income level was analyzed through calculations of total costs, total revenues, and net income from fishing efforts. The results showed that the mechanism for determining fish selling prices was entirely carried out by the toke kursi as the collector and first seller of fishermen's catch. Price determination was influenced by the fishing season, catch quantity, market conditions, fish type, fish size, fish quality, and consumer demand. The highest selling price of fish occurs during the lean season, ranging from Rp 40,000–Rp 70,000/kg, while the lowest price occurs during the peak season, ranging from Rp 25,000–Rp 50,000/kg. The average total cost of fishing efforts for fishermen reaches Rp 51,772,688 per year with an average income of Rp 123,640,000 per year, resulting in an average net income of Rp 71,867,312 per year. The profit-sharing system applied between the ship owner and the crew (ABK) is 60:40, with an average annual income of the ship owner of Rp 43,120,387 and the crew of Rp 28,746,924. In general, the income level of gillnet fishermen is still below the Banda Aceh City Minimum Wage (UMK) in 2026, so the economic welfare of fishermen still needs to be improved. Keywords: fishing business capital, fishing season, fish price determination, fishermen's income, gillnet fishermen