Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Asas kebebasan berkontrak sebagaimana terkandung dalam 1338 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, memberikan kebebasan bagi para pihak untuk memilih penyelesaian sengketa melalui mekanisme Altenatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) yang dalam hal ini para pihak memilih mekanisme mediasi. Mekanisme ini digunakan dalam penyelesaian sengketa kepemilikan tanah akibat tumpang tindih Sertipikat Hak Milik di Kota Banda Aceh yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pihak. Meskipun demikian, penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi di Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Banda Aceh belum sepenuhnya berjalan optimal karena masih adanya berbagai hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab terjadinya tumpang tindih Sertipikat Hak Milik di Kota Banda Aceh. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai hambatan yang memengaruhi penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi, serta menjelaskan proses penyelesaian sengketa tersebut di Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Banda Aceh.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data primer berupa hasil wawancara dengan responden dan informan, serta data sekunder berupa literatur kepustakaan, mencakup buku teks, jurnal, teori, dan peraturan perundang-undangan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya tumpang tindih sertipikat antara lain kerusakan data akibat tsunami, ketidaksesuaian data, kesalahan pengukuran, serta adanya itikad tidak baik dari para pihak yang terlibat . Hambatan dalam penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi meliputi ketidaklengkapan data pertanahan, perubahan kondisi fisik tanah, ketidakhadiran para pihak dalam proses mediasi, serta keterbatasan jumlah dan peran mediator. Penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan melalui tahap gampong dan dilanjutkan dengan mediasi di Kantor Pertanahan yang didukung pengecekan lapangan, sehingga mediasi menjadi alternatif penyelesaian yang cukup efektif meskipun belum optimal.

Disarankan kepada Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Banda Aceh untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan pembaruan data pertanahan, menambah serta meningkatkan kualitas mediator, serta memperkuat koordinasi dengan instansi terkait dalam proses mediasi. Selain itu, para pihak yang bersengketa diharapkan memiliki itikad baik dan aktif berpartisipasi dalam proses mediasi agar penyelesaian sengketa dapat tercapai secara efektif.

The principle of freedom of contract, as embodied in Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata), grants parties the autonomy to determine the method of dispute resolution, including through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. In the present case, the parties elected to resolve their dispute through mediation. This mechanism has been applied in resolving land ownership disputes arising from overlapping Certificates of Ownership (Sertipikat Hak Milik) in Banda Aceh City, which have created legal uncertainty for the parties concerned. Nevertheless, the implementation of mediation at the Banda Aceh City Land Office of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional or BPN) has not yet operated optimally due to various practical and institutional obstacles. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the occurrence of overlapping Certificates of Ownership in Banda Aceh City. It also seeks to examine the obstacles affecting the settlement of such disputes through mediation and to describe the mediation process conducted at the Banda Aceh City Land Office of the National Land Agency. This research employs an empirical juridical approach. The research data consist of primary data obtained through interviews with respondents and key informants, as well as secondary data derived from legal literature, including textbooks, academic journals, legal doctrines, and statutory regulations. The findings indicate that overlapping Certificates of Ownership are primarily caused by the destruction of land administration records following the tsunami, inconsistencies in land registration data, surveying and measurement errors, and the bad faith of certain parties involved. The principal obstacles to dispute resolution through mediation include incomplete land administration records, changes in the physical condition of the land, the absence of disputing parties during mediation sessions, and the limited number and capacity of mediators. In practice, dispute resolution is initially pursued at the gampong (village) level before proceeding to mediation at the Land Office, supported by on-site inspections and field verification. Although mediation has proven to be a reasonably effective alternative dispute resolution mechanism, its implementation has not yet achieved optimal effectiveness. Accordingly, it is recommended that the Banda Aceh City Land Office of the National Land Agency enhance the accuracy and continuous updating of land administration data, increase both the number and professional capacity of mediators, and strengthen coordination with relevant government agencies throughout the mediation process. Furthermore, disputing parties are encouraged to act in good faith and actively participate in mediation proceedings to facilitate an effective and mutually acceptable resolution of land disputes.