Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nanopartikel katalis oksida anorganik berhasil disintesis dari tulang sapi Aceh melalui metode presipitasi pada variasi pH 8, 10, dan 12 dengan meggunakan NH₄OH sebagai agen presipitat. Partikel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR, dan SEM-EDX dan diuji aktivitas katalitiknya pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). Hasil karakterisasi XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa hidroksiapatit (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂), kalsium oksida (CaO), dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO₃). Data EDX menunjukan kalsium (Ca) sebagai unsur dominan dengan kandungan meningkat dari pH 8 ke pH 12. Perhitungan ukuran rata-rata dari partikel anorganik yang dihasilkan yang menggunakan persamaan Debye-Scherrer menunjukkan ukuran partikel sebesar 36,84 nm untuk pH 8; 28,63 nm untuk pH 10 dan 29,17 nm.untuk partikel yang dipresipitasi pada pH sistem 12 Hasil pengujujian kinerja katalituik pada reaksi transesterifikasi RBDPO yang menggunkan partikel anorganik hasil sintesis pada pH 8 memiliki yield biodiesel 88,20%, diikuti pH 10 sebesar 97,67%, dan pH 12 sebesar 93,33%. Analisis komposisi kimia produk tranesterifikasi dengan GC-MS menunjukkan pengunaan katalis anorganik hasil sintesis pada pH 10 memiliki kandungan metil ester tertinggi dengan dominasi metil palmitat, sedangkan penggunaan katalis anorganik hasil sintesis pada pH 8 dan pH 12 menghasilkan produk biodiesel yang didominasi metil linoleat . Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan melalui penelitian ini menunjukkan kesesuaian bilangan asam, massa jenis, dan viskositas sesuai SNI 04-7182-2015.

Kata kunci: nanokatalis, oksida anorganik, tulang sapi, biodiesel

Inorganic oxide catalyst nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from Aceh cattle bones through precipitation method at pH variations of 8, 10, and 12 using NH₄OH as a precipitating agent. The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX and tested for their catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction of Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). The results of XRD and FTIR characterization showed that hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). EDX data showed calcium (Ca) as the dominant element with the content increasing from pH 8 to pH 12. Calculation of the average size of the resulting inorganic particles using the Debye-Scherrer equation showed a particle size of 36.84 nm for pH 8; 28.63 nm for pH 10 and 29.17 nm for particles precipitated at pH 12 The results of the catalytic performance test on the RBDPO transesterification reaction using synthetic inorganic particles at pH 8 had a biodiesel yield of 88.20%, followed by pH 10 at 97.67%, and pH 12 at 93.33%. Analysis of the chemical composition of transesterification products with GC-MS showed that the use of synthetic inorganic catalysts at pH 10 had the highest methyl ester content with a dominance of methyl palmitate, while the use of synthetic inorganic catalysts at pH 8 and pH 12 produced biodiesel products dominated by methyl linoleate. The quality of biodiesel produced through this study showed the suitability of the acid number, density, and viscosity according to SNI 04-7182-2015. Keyword : nanocatalyst, inorganic oxide, bovine bone, biodiesel