Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum merupakan kewenangan negara yang dilaksanakan dengan pemberian ganti kerugian yang layak dan adil kepada pihak yang berhak sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum. Permasalahan timbul ketika objek pengadaan tanah berada dalam status sengketa, sehingga menghambat proses pembangunan. Untuk mengantisipasi kondisi tersebut, Pasal 42 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 mengatur mekanisme konsinyasi sebagai bentuk penitipan ganti kerugian di pengadilan terhadap tanah sengketa. Namun, dalam praktik pengadaan tanah untuk Pelabuhan Balohan Sabang, meskipun sengketa kepemilikan telah diputus oleh Mahkamah Agung dan berkekuatan hukum tetap, masih terdapat perbedaan pemahaman mengenai akibat hukum konsinyasi, khususnya dari pihak yang memenangkan sengketa yang menganggap tetap memiliki hak penuh atas tanah dan menolak ganti kerugian yang telah dikonsinyasikan, dengan alasan tidak dilibatkan dalam proses musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pelaksanaan konsinyasi terhadap tanah sengketa dalam pengadaan untuk Pelabuhan Balohan Sabang, penyelesaian sengketa ganti rugi yang telah dikonsinyasikan, serta bentuk dan ruang lingkup hak pihak yang memenangkan sengketa atas tanah yang telah dikonsinyasikan dalam proses pengadaan tanah tersebut.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis untuk menelaah penerapan ketentuan konsinyasi terhadap tanah sengketa dalam pengadaan untuk Pelabuhan Balohan Sabang, sumber data meliputi data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap pihak terkait dan data sekunder yang berasal dari peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen resmi, dan literatur yang relevan, dan teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsinyasi telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai instrumen untuk menjamin keberlangsungan pembangunan ketika sengketa kepemilikan tanah belum memperoleh kepastian hukum. Putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap berfungsi menentukan pihak yang berhak menerima ganti kerugian, sehingga hak pihak yang menang bukanlah hak atas tanah secara fisik, melainkan hak atas uang ganti rugi tanah. Perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang kalah tetap diberikan melalui pengaturan ganti rugi bangunan dan ganti rugi non-fisik berdasarkan putusan dan kesepakatan para pihak yang dituangkan dalam akta perdamaian.
Penelitian ini menyarankan agar instansi yang memerlukan perlu memahami dan menerapkan konsinyasi secara tepat apabila objek tanah berada dalam sengketa, koordinasi dengan Badan Pertanahan Nasional dan Pengadilan Negeri perlu diperkuat agar pelaksanaan konsinyasi berjalan tertib, transparan, dan memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak. Pengadilan diharapkan mendorong penyelesaian melalui musyawarah pasca putusan inkracht guna mencegah timbulnya konflik baru. Pembentuk kebijakan perlu memperjelas pengaturan mengenai kedudukan hukum ganti rugi bangunan dan non-fisik dalam kondisi sengketa kepemilikan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum.

Kata Kunci: Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum, Konsinyasi, Sengketa Tanah

Land acquisition for public interest constitutes a state authority exercised through the provision of fair and equitable compensation to entitled parties, as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2012. Issues arise when the land subject to acquisition is under dispute, thereby hindering the development process. To address such circumstances, Article 42 paragraph (2) of Law Number 2 of 2012 regulates the mechanism of consignment as a form of depositing compensation with the court for disputed land. However, in the practice of land acquisition for the development of Balohan Port in Sabang, although the ownership dispute has been resolved and has obtained permanent legal force, there remain differing interpretations regarding the legal consequences of consignment. In particular, the party prevailing in the dispute continues to assert full ownership rights over the land and refuses the compensation that has been consigned, on the grounds that they were not involved in the deliberation process for determining the compensation. The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the implementation of consignment in relation to disputed land in the land acquisition process for the development of Balohan Port in Sabang, the resolution of compensation disputes that have been consigned, as well as the form and scope of the rights of the party prevailing in the dispute over land that has been subjected to consignment within the land acquisition process. This study constitutes empirical legal research employing a socio-juridical approach to examine the implementation of consignment provisions concerning disputed land in the land acquisition process for the development of Balohan Port in Sabang. The data sources consist of primary data obtained through interviews with relevant stakeholders and secondary data derived from statutory regulations, official documents, and relevant literature. The data analysis technique is conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that consignment has been implemented in accordance with statutory provisions as an instrument to ensure the continuity of development when land ownership disputes have not yet attained legal certainty. A court decision with permanent legal force serves to determine the party entitled to receive compensation; therefore, the right of the prevailing party is not a right over the physical land, but rather a right to monetary compensation for the land. Legal protection for the losing party is still provided through the regulation of compensation for buildings and non-physical losses based on judicial decisions and agreements between the parties as set forth in a deed of settlement. This study recommends that agencies requiring land acquisition should properly understand and apply the consignment mechanism when the land object is under dispute. Coordination with the National Land Agency of Indonesia and the District Court should be strengthened to ensure that the implementation of consignment is conducted in an orderly, transparent manner and provides legal certainty for all parties involved. Courts are expected to encourage dispute resolution through deliberation following final and binding decisions (inkracht) in order to prevent the emergence of new conflicts. Policymakers should also clarify the legal status of compensation for buildings and non-physical losses in situations involving ownership disputes to ensure legal certainty. Keywords: Land Acquisition for Public Interest, Consignment, Land Dispute