Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kecoa Periplaneta americana merupakan serangga sinantropik yang berperan sebagai pembawa berbagai agen penyakit, terutama parasit protozoa dan nematoda. Pelabuhan sebagai point of entry memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap penyebaran vektor akibat mobilitas manusia dan barang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi spasial kecoa, mengidentifikasi jenis parasit, serta mengkaji hubungan faktor lingkungan terhadap kepadatan kecoa dan prevalensi infeksi parasit di Pelabuhan Sabang. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik cross-sectional, dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap hidup dan identifikasi parasit secara mikroskopis, serta analisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan kecoa tergolong tinggi dengan 175 ekor tertangkap dari 123 perangkap, di mana 66% lokasi tidak memenuhi syarat kepadatan dan 24% memenuhi syarat kepadatan kecoa. Distribusi kecoa bersifat tidak merata (clustered) dengan area berisiko tinggi (hotspot) pada CT 2 (40%), yang ditandai oleh aktivitas manusia tinggi dan sanitasi tidak memenuhi syarat. Kondisi lingkungan dengan suhu 28,65–29,2°C dan kelembapan 75,8–78,6% mendukung pertumbuhan kecoa. Prevalensi kecoa yang terinfeksi parasit sebesar 85%, didominasi oleh parasit pada saluran pencernaan (74,6%), dan sisanya parasit pada bagian permukaan tubuh (25,3%). Parasit nematoda yang ditemukan, yaitu Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (54,3%), Strongyloides sp. (13%), dan Ancylostoma spp. (0,5%), sedangkan parasit protozoa yang ditemukan, yaitu Isospora sp. (6,3%), Balantidium coli (6,3%), Eimeria sp. (5,3%), Nyctotherus sp. (3,8%), dan Entamoeba histolytica (3,4%). Sebagian besar infeksi parasit bersifat tunggal (56%), namun ditemukan poliparasitisme sebesar (29%). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kondisi bangunan dan sanitasi lingkungan berhubungan signifikan dengan kepadatan kecoa dan infeksi parasit (p < 0,05). Bangunan yang tidak memenuhi syarat memiliki risiko 12,7 kali terhadap kepadatan kecoa, sedangkan sanitasi tidak memenuhi syarat meningkatkan risiko 3,4 kali. Regresi logistik menunjukkan kondisi bangunan sebagai faktor dominan (OR = 22,597).

The cockroach Periplaneta americana is a synanthropic insect that acts as a carrier of various disease agents, particularly protozoan and nematode parasites. Ports, as points of entry, have a high risk of spreading disease carriers due to the mobility of humans and goods. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of cockroaches, identify parasite types, and examine the relationship between environmental factors and cockroach density as well as the prevalence of parasitic infections at Sabang Port. This study employed an analytical observational cross-sectional design. Samples were collected using live traps, parasites were identified microscopically, and data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests and logistic regression. The results showed that cockroach density was relatively high, with 175 individuals captured from 123 traps. Of the locations, 66% did not meet density standards, while 24% met acceptable cockroach density criteria. The spatial distribution of cockroaches was uneven (clustered), with high-risk areas (hotspots) identified in CT 2 (40%), characterized by high human activity and poor sanitation conditions. Environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from 28.65–29.2°C and humidity levels of 75.8–78.6% supported cockroach growth. The prevalence of cockroaches infected with parasites was 85%, predominantly involving parasites in the digestive tract (74.6%), while the remainder were found on the cockroach body surface (25.3%). The identified nematode parasites included Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (54.3%), Strongyloides sp. (13%), and Ancylostoma spp. (0.5%). The protozoan parasites identified were Isospora sp. (6.3%), Balantidium coli (6.3%), Eimeria sp. (5.3%), Nyctotherus sp. (3.8%), and Entamoeba histolytica (3.4%). Most infections were single infections (56%), although polyparasitism was also observed (29%). The analysis indicated that building conditions and environmental sanitation were significantly associated with cockroach density and parasitic infection (p < 0.05). Buildings that did not meet standards had a 12.7 times higher risk of increased cockroach density, while poor sanitation increased the risk by 3.4 times. Logistic regression analysis identified building condition as the dominant factor (OR = 22.597).